As a crucial topic within the realm of cybersecurity, digital forensics is essential to the investigation and prevention of crimes using computers. As digital technologies, internet usage, cloud computing, and smart devices continue to rise exponentially, cybercrimes like ransomware attacks, identity theft, financial fraud, hacking, data breaches, and cyberterrorism have become much more commonplace globally. The necessity for methodical digital investigation procedures has never been greater, as criminals increasingly rely on digital platforms to carry out and hide their operations. A systematic framework for locating, preserving, gathering, analysing, and presenting digital evidence in a way that is acceptable in court is offered by digital forensics[1]. This study examines the basic ideas of digital forensics, concentrating on computer crime investigation and methods for recovering erased data. The retrieval of erased or concealed data is among the most crucial components of digital forensic inquiry. In contrast to popular assumption, deleted files are not instantaneously removed from storage devices; rather, the operating system just identifies the storage space as usable again and eliminates file references. Using specific forensic methods, such data can be recovered until it is overwritten. Forensic disc imaging, file carving, metadata reconstruction, hash verification, and timeline analysis are some of the data recovery techniques covered in this study. The study also looks at the organised digital forensic investigation procedure, which uses cryptographic hashing algorithms like MD5 and SHA-256 to guarantee integrity and authenticity[2] The study also examines popular forensic tools including EnCase, FTK, Autopsy, Wireshark, and Volatility that help investigators retrieve, examine, and interpret digital evidence from memory systems, networks, and computers. Additionally, the study draws attention to contemporary difficulties in digital forensic investigations, such as disputes over jurisdiction, cloud-based systems, and encryption. The results highlight the importance of digital forensics in preventing cybercrimes and bolstering cybersecurity regimes. The incorporation of automation, artificial intelligence, and advanced analytics into forensic investigations will further improve accuracy, efficiency, and dependability as technology develops. The significance of contemporary digital forensic procedures in preserving cyber resilience, legal compliance, and digital trust in the linked world of today is highlighted by this study, which advances our understanding of them.[3].
Forensic imaging, file carving, hash algorithms, network forensics, memory forensics, cyber security, evidence preservation, incident response, forensic tools, digital forensics, computer crime investigation, cybercrime, deleted data recovery, digital evidence, and data integrity.
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