The health of a network depends on the quality of proper installation of the network infrastructure. The main aim of this research is to understand the basic aspects of a modern telecommunication network structure. Signal degradation dominants the performance of the fiber installation. By using MATLAB software, simulation results for signal degradation such as attenuation, dispersion and nonlinear effects are discussed. OTRD (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) is a valuable tool for field engineers and service providers to monitor and detect the faults between access network and CO (Central Office) in real world analysis.  In this paper, an overview related to the operation and function of a PON (Passive Optical Network) and required components to implement the fiber communication system are also described.
                                
                                
                                    
                                    degradation, OTDR, access network, CO, PON
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                    International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - IJTSRD having
                                                    online ISSN 2456-6470. IJTSRD is a leading Open Access, Peer-Reviewed International
                                                    Journal which provides rapid publication of your research articles and aims to promote
                                                    the theory and practice along with knowledge sharing between researchers, developers,
                                                    engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world in many areas
                                                    like Sciences, Technology, Innovation, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and
                                                    many more and it is recommended by all Universities, review articles and short communications
                                                    in all subjects. IJTSRD running an International Journal who are proving quality
                                                    publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals from diverse fields
                                                    that emphasizes new research, development and their applications. IJTSRD provides
                                                    an online access to exchange your research work, technical notes & surveying results
                                                    among professionals throughout the world in e-journals. IJTSRD is a fastest growing
                                                    and dynamic professional organization. The aim of this organization is to provide
                                                    access not only to world class research resources, but through its professionals
                                                    aim to bring in a significant transformation in the real of open access journals
                                                    and online publishing.