Animals play a crucial role in the development of medical products from medicines to various implants and major surgical procedures. They are not approved for human use until they qualify the safety parameters in animals. The animals play a pivotal role in drug discovery and development. One of the most challenging aspects of targeting drugs for any pathological condition is the development of animal models. Animal models are nothing but an approach to replicate the general symptoms of the diseased condition which occur in humans. The whole pathophysiology cannot be replicated but, the symptoms which are known and precipitate the most in any pathological condition are positively reproduced within the animal. With the increasing need in the medical field, the paradigm is now slowly shifting towards transgenic animals as they have given a new dimension to medical sciences to study the pathophysiology of the disease rather than focusing on the symptom-based analysis of the diseased condition. These genetically modified organisms have shown groundbreaking results not only in developing models for various diseases but also in developing biopharmaceuticals, receptor-selective drugs, and have a huge contribution to xenotransplantation and the agriculture sector. This review article vividly describes the newer approaches that are adopted to develop transgenic animal models and also highlights certain limitations to the older approach of developing the models.
Transgenic animals, in vivo models, ex vivo models, transgenesis, xenotransplantation, disease resistant animals
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