Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) presents a unique clinical challenge due to its unpredictable course, diagnostic complexity, and variable response to treatment. Understanding its underlying mechanisms has advanced significantly over time, opening the door for both improved diagnostic techniques and creative treatment approaches. This study offers a thorough synthesis of the most recent data on TN, with an emphasis on the combination of cutting-edge imaging techniques, developing pharmaceutical therapies, and new non-invasive therapies. This article attempts to close the gap between conventional management and innovative approaches by examining the complex nature of TN, from its genetic and electrophysiological foundations to clinical decision-making. The limits of existing therapy paradigms and the potential for patient-specific, tailored care are specifically discussed. We emphasize the value of a multidisciplinary approach in maximizing results for people with this incapacitating pain disease by using this holistic viewpoint.
Trigeminal neuralgia, electrophysiological testing, neurovascular compression, diffusion tensor imaging, neuromodulation
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