Analysis of Indian Transport System

India is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia and the entire world. Especially in the transport and logistics industry sector, India shows superior growth rates creating enhanced potential for foreign players. The objective of this summary is to identify the market potential as well as the current demand in this sector and to point out the investment perspectives, especially for European players. Certainly, climate change affects these prospects. Hence, this summary exposes the current Indian situation and the main challenges contributing to this. But despite these problems and also resulting from these, India offers a high potential for investments as the current studies have already shown.


I. INTRODUCTION
Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy. Our country has accepted economy reforms in 1991, since Govt of India as invested huge amount of money for the development of infrastructure within die country i.e why it progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, India's relatively low GDP per capita has meant that access to these modes of transport has not been uniform. Even though we know that the transportation facilities are playing vital role in the development of the economy.
Objective  1. To explain the present status of the Indian Transport System.  2. To explain the relationship of Indian transport and foreign tread  3. To know the importance of transport for the growth of tourism.  4. To explain the relationship of Automobile Industry & Transport  5. To know the importance of transport for linking different sectors of the economy.

Research Methodology
Secondary data has been collected from books, news papers, magazines, internet, etc.

Definition of Transport
Movement of non-living & living things from one place to another place is known as transport present status of Indian transport system.
Indian transport system can be divided in to three types 1. Land transport 2. Water transport 3. Air transport

Land transport
A Transport which is carried out on the surface of the earth is known as land transport This transport classified into two subheads.

Road Transport
India has a vast road network of about 3.32 Million KM. of which the National Highways and the State Highways together account for 1,95,000 Km. length. The composition of road traffic has grown from 12%, freight and 31.67% passenger traffic in 1950-51 to an estimated 65% freight and 67% passenger traffic during the 10th five year plan period. Traffic on the roads is growing at the rate of 7.10% per annum while the growth in vehicles has been to the tune of 12% per annum for the past few years. The road network therefore needs to be expanded and strengthened at a very fast pace not only to cater to the increased volume of traffic but also to provide improved accessibility to the far off land.
The Indian road network, the largest in the world aggregating 3.32 million KMS. Consists of.  The transport sector's energy consumption amounts to petroleum products such as gasoline and high speed diesel and depends on the one hand on the modal split and on the other hand on the vehicle speed. Among different modes of transport, average, have the least consumption of energy per passenger For comparison, two wheelers have 2.5 times the consumption of buses and three wheelers 4.8 times that of buses. Furthermore, cars consume on an average, the most energy per passenger i.e. they consume 6 times more energy. This also fuel costs differ accordingly. For example twotimes costlier than buses. Further, three-wheelers and cars are up to 11 times costlier. Not only does a car use more energy and is therefore costlier, it also takes more road space than buses when providing the same passenger mobility level. motorization in India an immense pressure on th resources of India is imposed

Natural challenges -Air Pollution
The cities in India have to cope with environme due to strong air pollution. The increasing number of fuel using vehicles, lead to increased pollution. The vehic alone contribute to 72% of air pollution in total in Delhi burning of fossil fuels accounts for about 83% of the carbon dioxide emissions. The most common particles ass motorized vehicles polluting the atmosphere are nitr hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, as wells as sulphur oxides. The air pollution in most Indian cities has become dangerous and has badly influenced the health of the population with regard to diseases in respiration Transport systems and air directly related whereas the emissions of vehicles depends on different factors such as their speed, age and emission rate.

Challenges in Transport by Roads
The transport sector's energy consumption amounts to petroleum as gasoline and high speed diesel and depends on on the other hand on the vehicle speed. Among different modes of transport, buses on average, have the least consumption of energy per passenger-km.
comparison, two wheelers have 2.5 times the consumption of uses. Furthermore, most energy per passenger-km, i.e. they consume 6 times more energy. This also implies that the -wheelers are 6.8 elers and cars are up costlier. Not only does a car use more energy and is more road space than buses when providing the same passenger mobility level. Due to the motorization in India an immense pressure on the natural energy The cities in India have to cope with environmental problems pollution. The increasing number of fuel using The vehicular emissions air pollution in total in Delhi and the about 83% of the carbon The most common particles associated with polluting the atmosphere are nitrogen oxides, as wells as sulphur oxides. The dangerous and has f the population with regard to Transport systems and air pollution are vehicles depends on different factors such as their speed, age and emission rate.
The Centre of Science and Environment states that that negative correlation between the quantity of the all nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons and speed of a vehicle. Since the average speed in peak slow, during these times the air pollution drastically increases.

Fragmentation of Industry
The fragmented structure even in the organized sector of the road industry and the numerous dominating unorganized operators in this sector, make development and difficult. However, small operators depend on other players handling and marketing, for example: brokers depend on booking agents. The last mentioned group of handlers is the dominant one with the ability to set freight increases the price for the end users, leading to low quality of services as well as low profitability for truck operators. over, because of this fragmentation of the industry, economies of scale can rarely be achieved.

Infrastructure
Infrastructure is a significant set back in India. Other than on highways, running trucks is only possible for firms usin smaller than 20 feet. Hence, the road major hurdle. For example, for large vehicles such as trucks The infrastructure of India's roads is limited and the conditions of the roads make it difficult to have a smooth transportation and operation system. Therefore, the few but better conditioned national highways are overloaded and filled with the big vehicles lowering the average speed to 10-20 miles per hour.
Further, this leads to more accidents, shorter lifespan of vehicles, an increase in the fuel consumption, higher operating costs caused due to making detours and reduced efficiency. However, the infrastructure investments are merely 4%. difficulties in inter-state movement mentioned above is also hampering the logistics companies, resulting in delays. Thus, the presence of a system of using containerized trucks would be better for logistics because it would and avoid great thefts at checkpoints.

Labour policy
The almost non-existing labour policy is yet another barrier in the road transport system.. The drivers of trucks are poorly trained due to lack of formal training like proper handling etc. and due to a lack of participation driver training schools. So there is a higher demand in getting a drivers license than the supply of training institutes. Further, the quality and standards of the few controlled ISSN: 2456-6470 28 The Centre of Science and Environment states that that there is a between the quantity of the pollutants, above itrogen oxide, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the Since the average speed in peak hours is very slow, during these times the air pollution drastically increases.
The fragmented structure even in the organized sector of the road numerous dominating unorganized operators in this sector, make development and fair competition very However, small operators depend on other players for handling and marketing, for example: brokers depend on last mentioned group of handlers is the dominant one with the ability to set freight rates. This system increases the price for the end users, leading to low quality of itability for truck operators. More this fragmentation of the industry, economies of Infrastructure is a significant set back in India. Other than on is only possible for firms using trucks Hence, the road infrastructure constitutes a For example, for large vehicles such as multi-axle The infrastructure of India's roads is limited and the roads make it difficult to have a smooth transportation and operation system. Therefore, the few but better conditioned national highways are filled with the big vehicles lowering the average s to more accidents, shorter lifespan of vehicles, the fuel consumption, higher operating costs reduced efficiency. However, ure investments are merely 4%. Additionally, the state movement mentioned above is also hampering the logistics companies, resulting in delays. Thus, the system of using containerized trucks would be better for logistics because it would fasten the transfers at ports ts at checkpoints. existing labour policy is yet another barrier in system.. The drivers of trucks are poorly trained due to lack of formal training institutes for related areas due to a lack of participation in driver training schools. So there is a higher demand in getting a than the supply of training institutes. Further, the existing ones is often not

Significance of Indian Transport System
Following points gives us information about how the transport facility is important for the development of the economy.

Tourism development:
A good transport system promotes tourism services at domestic as well as international level it help to earn foreign exchange Tourism in India is the largest service industry with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. In 2010 total Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA) in India were 5.78 million and India generated about 200 billion US dollars in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$375.5 billion, 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency to formulate national policies and programmes for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, the state governments and union territories and the representatives of the private sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new f0mis of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism.

For The Development Of Foreign Trade
For the expansion of trade good network of transport system requires i.e why Govt, of India has been spending huge amount of money for the development of entire transport facility. Now a days it enabled our country to export not only light weighted goods but also bulky goods to the rest of the world. Due to this our external earnings has been increasing day by day whole credit for this is goes to transport system.

Sectoral Linkages
Transport system is essential for linking agriculture, Industry, & service centre, it helps in developing input, output networks, in various sectors it means that whatever a particular sector needs that gets through transport system because of this the entire picture of every sector has been changing day by day.

For The Development Of Automobile Industry
India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asia's third largest exporter of passenger cars. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the second (after China) fastest growing automobile market in the world. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to increase to 5million by 2015 and more than 9 million by 2020. By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads. It is happening only because of transportation system.

Other Significance
Transport is also important for rapid industrial development, for creation of employ-ment to overcoming scarcity, to create place utility etc.

India's Road
Development and growth potential For a country, particularly of India's size, an efficient road network is mandatory for national integration, for socioeconomic development and to sustain Indian economic growth. Therefore, in the last few decades the transport sector transformed increasingly from rail-dominated to road-dominated.
Although transport services by rail also exist in the metropolises, they play no major role in Indian passenger mobility.16 Thus the roadways already hold an estimated share of 80% of the demand on land transport. Furthermore, the demand in passenger transport by road, recorded an immense growth since the 1980s as it increased at a rate of 8% per year.17 This points to the growing presence and variety of transport vehicles.

Growth of vehicles
The annual growth of motorized vehicles during the last decade was around 10%. Compared to 21.7 million vehicles in 1991 the number of vehicles nearly trebled in 2001 with 55 million.
Above all, the two-wheelers have a high growth rate which constitutes to over a half of total vehicles. Furthermore, twowheelers and cars account for example, more than 88% in Hyderabad and 91% in Kanpur. However, the share of buses when compared to the two-wheelers is insignificant. They constitute merely 0.5% in each of the cities mentioned above.
Along with the vehicular growth, the freight transport also increased over the years with an annual growth rate of about 12%.21 This can be attributed to the rise in container traffic, as exports and imports increased 22-25% per year. Additionally, while traditional, non-mechanized means of transport, e.g. elephants and camels, are still common, an increasing number of vehicles, especially trucks, lead to increasing congestion