Review Paper on Properties of Concrete of by Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Copper Slag and Rice Ask Ash

INTRODUCTION The value of concrete in present society cannot be underestimated. We can see concrete structures everywhere, such as buildings, roads, bridges, and dams. There is no escaping the impact concrete makes on your everyday life. Concrete is a composite material which is made up of filler and a binder. Typical concrete is a mixture of fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (rock), cement, and water. Cement and lime are usually used as binding materials, while the sand binder is mixed as fine aggregates and crushed stones, gravel, broken bricks; clinker is employed as coarse aggregates. The concrete having cement, sand and coarse aggregates mix up in an appropriate percentage in addition to water is called cement concrete. In this kind of concrete, cement is used as a binding substance, sand as fine aggregates and gravel, crushed stones as coarse aggregates.


INTRODUCTION
The value of concrete in present society cannot be underestimated. We can see concrete structures everywhere, such as buildings, roads, bridges, and dams. There is no escaping the impact concrete makes on your everyday life. Concrete is a composite material which is made up of filler and a binder. Typical concrete is a mixture of fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (rock), cement, and water. Cement and lime are usually used as binding materials, while the sand binder is mixed as fine aggregates and crushed stones, gravel, broken bricks; clinker is employed as coarse aggregates. The concrete having cement, sand and coarse aggregates mix up in an appropriate percentage in addition to water is called cement concrete. In this kind of concrete, cement is used as a binding substance, sand as fine aggregates and gravel, crushed stones as coarse aggregates.
Conducted analysis using a recently developed impact testing system that uses suddenly released strain energy to generate an impact pulse. Three fiber types were considered, a twisted fiber and two other types of straight fibers. Specimen impact response was evaluated in terms of first cracking strength, post-cracking strength, energy absorption capacity and strain capacity. The test results indicate that specimens with twisted fibers generally exhibit somewhat better mechanical properties than specimens with straight fibers for the range of strain rates considered. All Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) series tested showed exceptional rate sensitivities in energy absorption capacity, generally becoming much more energy dissipative under increasing strain rates. This characteristic highlights the potential of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) as promising cement based material for impact-and blast-resistant applications.
2. Yuh-Shiou Tai, Sherif El-Tawil, Ta-Hsiang Chung, "Performance of deformed steel fibers embedded in ultrahigh performance concrete subjected to various pullout rates" ,Elsevier 2016 Investigated the mechanical behavior of high performance steel fibers embedded in Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) at various pullout speeds the test variables were steel fiber type, matrix constituents, and pullout rates. In particular, five types of high strength steel fiber were used and five pullout rates from quasi-static to impact rates were applied. In addition, the effect of reduced amount of glass powder, as key matrix constituent, on pullout behavior was explored. Experimental results show that the pullout response of all of the fiber types exhibit progressively increasing rate sensitivity as the pullout speed increases and becomes significant during impact loading. It is most pominent in the smooth and twisted fibers and least in the hooked fibers. Additionally, scanning electron microscope studies are presented and used to explain the mechanism of rate enhancement from a microscopic perspective. Studied about suitability of performance of light weight concrete with plastic aggregate. the suitability of recycled plastics (high density polyethylene) as coarse aggregate in concrete by conducting various tests like workability by slump test, compressive strength of cube and cylinder, splitting tensile strength test of cylinder, flexural strength of R.C.C as well as P.C.C Beams, to determine the property and behavior in concrete. Effect of replacement of coarse aggregate with various percentages of plastic aggregate on behavior of concrete was experimentally investigated and the optimum replacement of coarse aggregate was found out. The results showed that the addition of plastic aggregate to the concrete mixture improved the properties of the resultant mix. Investigated about the use the waste plastic crushed bottles of appropriate size in concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregates and it has the potential of disposing of large quantities of the catastrophic waste in a beneficial way. The environmental effects can be substantially reduced by proper encapsulation of these waste plastic bottles. The study also gives the comparison of compressive strength of normal conventional concrete with the concrete made from the partial substitution of aggregates with Polyethylene @ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID -IJTSRD23538 | Volume -3 | Issue -2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 1085 Terephthalate bottles. Hence concrete with waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fiber can be used as an effective plastic waste management practice in future. Investigated to develop a high performance fiber reinforced cellular concrete to provide a better alternative than aerated autoclaved concrete blocks for structural applications of masonry. Use of micro-fibers (fibrillated) enhances precracking behavior of masonry by arresting cracks at microscale, while macro (structural) fibers induce ductile behavior in post-peak region by arresting the crack propagation soon after the crack initiation. In particular, the mechanical behavior of Cellular light weight concrete (CLC) cylinders under pure compression and Cellular light weight concrete (CLC) blocks under flexure with and without polyolefin structural fiber reinforcement as well as hybrid fiber reinforcement is investigated. Test results indicate that the addition of structural fibers improved the compressive strength up to 66.8% for 0.55% volume fraction. Hybrid fiber reinforcement enhanced the peak strength and ductility which indicated better crack bridging both at micro and macro levels.
recent research activities on the durability of concrete, including major durability problems such as alkali aggregate reaction, sulphate attack, steel corrosion and freeze-thaw also analyzed durability of concrete in marine environment and coupling effects of mechanical load and environmental factors on durability of concrete. The study of natural green inhibitor for steel corrosion also opens a promising research direction in the near future. With respect to durability design codes, the mainstream codes or methods have more or less intrinsic drawbacks due to the failure to comprehensively consider various coupling effects of mechanical loading and multi environmental impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new approach of unified load-carrying capability and durability service life design theory for more accurate service life estimate. Studied about use of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are commonly used in concrete mixtures as a replacement of a portion of clinker in cement or as a replacement of a portion of cement in concrete. This study is favorable to the industry, generally resulting in concrete with lower cost, lower environmental impact, higher long-term strength, and improved long-term durability. SCMs have been used in Portland cement concrete for decades and many of their effects are well-understood. Most recent research on SCMs has focused on a few areas: exploring new materials, increasing replacement amounts, developing better test methods, treating or modifying materials, and using additives for e.g limestone or nano silica to improve performance. The advances in knowledge provided by research in these areas are reviewed in this paper, emphasizing the impact of the research on the field. Studied about the effects of thermoplastic when added to concrete cement and needs of the ecological sector in terms of recycling the waste plastic that harms not only the soil structure and the environment The plastic was grounded into pieces for concrete mixture, where it substitutes the 5% of the fine aggregate, which is the sand. It then undergoes to strength test that investigate whether it can pass or at least equal the standard specification of concrete mix for wall panel. Analyses the concrete performance by using iron slag as a partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete. In this study the coarse aggregate (CA) were partially replaced with iron slag aggregate at different proportions of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% and 50%. Compressive strength and flexural strength on M40 grade of concrete with 0.45 w-c ratio were investigated. In which to determine and check out the compressive strength, Flexural strength, and split tensile strength of concrete with various percentages of iron slag aggregate. The result has been found from the various tests which were compared with conventional concrete. Thus the use of iron slag in concrete could enhance the strength in concrete.

Problem identification
Natural resources are decreasing in all over the world and increasing wastes from industries generated simultaneously. The eco-Friendly and reliable development for construction consists the use of non-conventional and different waste materials and recycling of waste material for reducing emissions in environments and decreasing the use of natural resources.

Objectives
The objectives of the research are outlined below: To study the properties of fresh concrete and harden concrete prepared by replacement of copper slag and rice ask ash.

CONCLUSION
The utilization of copper slag in concrete provides additional environmental as well as technical benefits for all related industries. Partial replacement of copper slag in fine aggregate reduces the cost of making concrete.