Designing of Solar Air Conditioning for Four Wheeler

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) ABSTRACT In present day scenario natural resources like fuel, coal are used extremely and in the coming years the availability of these resources would fall down drastically. So it’s high time for the people all over the world to find the alternative other than these resources. Electrical vehicles operated with batteries is one example to say that technology is progressing at a brisk phase. Another example of the natural source of energy is sun, and in this project solar energy is used as a remedy to optimize its fullest.


INTRODUCTION
As a kind renewable energy solar energy is paid more and more in the world. Solar system can be classified into two categories; those are thermal systems which convert solar energy to thermal energy and photovoltaic systems which convert solar energy to electrical energy. However more solar radiation which falling on photovoltaic cells is not converted to electricity, but either reflected or converted to thermal energy. This method leads to a drop of electricity conversion efficiency due to an increase in photovoltaic cells working temperature [1]. In the past century, scientific community has devoted much effort to procure energy sustainability of housing in two main direction; those are reducing external energy supply and using renewable energy for the remaining. In both ways, solar resources are gaining popularity because they increase energy independence and sustainability at the same time offering nearly zero impact to the environment [1]. The earth's surface receives a daily solar dose of 10E+8KW-hr, which is equivalent to 500,000 billion oil barrels that is one thousand times any oil reserve known to man. And the solar energy is collector area dependent, and is a diluted form of energy and is available for only a fraction of the day[6]. A lot of research is being conducted where there is high availability of solar energy just like in India. Solar energy is abundant in summer months where there is no heating load, but instead of cooling is required. But the today's energy sources as shown in Fig.  (1.1) Renewable Energy considers the primary energy from recurring and non-depleting indigenous resources. The reference scenario is projecting the world primary energy demand expands by almost 60% from 2002 to 2030, and the average annual increase percentage is 1.7% per year. The demand will be reaching 16.5 billion tons of oil equivalents compared to 10.3 billion toes in 2002. There is the projected rate of growth, but it is slower than over the past three decades when it grew by 2% per year [3] . On the other hand, the fossil fuels will keep monopolizing the global energy use. They will take up around 85% of the increase in world primary demand over 2002-2030. Furthermore, the share in total demand will increase slightly from 80% in 2002 to 82% in 2030. The share of renewable energy sources will remain the same which is at around 14% while the nuclear power will drop from 7% to 5% [3] . Hence, the negative effects of fossil fuel combustion on the environment with limited stock can force many countries seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to sustain the increasing energy demand. In this condition, the improvement in the quality of life is raising with the indigenous energy resources. The growth of scarcity in fossil fuels has raised the global interest in the harnessing of solar energy [3]. Solar power is a renewable energy while currently covering and assisting in merely a small portion of global energy demands. However, Photovoltaic (PV) power generates less than 1% of total electricity supplies since solar power has been considered as one of the most expensive sources of renewable energies [3].

Radiation Load
The heat gain due to solar radiation is a significant part of the cooling loads encountered in vehicles. According to ASHRAE, solar radiation heat load can be categorized into direct, diffuse, and reflected radiation loads.
Direct radiation is that part of the incident solar radiation which directly strikes a surface of the vehicle body, which is calculated from QDir = ∑ SτiDir cos ө According to ASHRAE 2007 chapter 33 Table no

Ambient Load
The ambient load is the contribution of the thermal load transferred to the cabin air due to temperature difference between the ambient and cabin air.

AC Load
The duty of the air conditioning system is to compensate for other thermal loads so that the cabin temperature remains within the acceptable comfort range. In cold weather conditions, positive AC load (heating) is required for the cabin. Inversely, in warm conditions, negative AC load (cooling) is needed for maintaining the comfort conditions. The actual load created by the AC system depends on the system parameters and working conditions. In this work, it is assumed that an AC (or heat pump) cycle is providing the thermal load calculated by [4]

Power Calculation
To supply 676 CFM blower should run at 890.66 rpm therefore we considered as 900 rpm Blower Capacity we are assumed that blower of company named "American fan". As per standards power required to run the blower at 900 rpm is 3/4 HP. So power required to run the blower is 559 Watts = 0.559 KW In order to gain such a high power of small surface area of solar panel is solar calls are made up of plasmonic solar cells.

Compressor Capacity
In thin-film solar cells, it becomes important to trap the solar energy that is incident on it. Hence, Plasmonic nanoparticles will prove to be effective to increase the efficiency of the solar cells The structure of the proposed solar cell consist of four ordered layer : an 80-nm SnO2:F transparent conductive oxide layer on the front, followed by a 350-nm hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) active layer, afterwards a layer of Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin film into which the Ag nanoparticles are regularly deposited, and finally a 120-nm Ag back reflector. by this type there is chance to gain required power [5] .