Smart Laboratory

In this era of Digitization and Automation, the life of human beings is getting simpler as almost everything is automatic, replacing the old manual systems. Nowadays humans have made internet an integral part of their everyday life without which they are helpless. Internet of things (IOT) provides a platform that allows devices to connect, sensed and controlled remotely across a network infrastructure. Our project basically focuses on Laboratory automation using smart phone and computer. The IOT devices controls and monitors the electronic electrical and the mechanical systems used in various types of buildings. The devices connected to the cloud server are controlled by a single admin which facilitate a number of users to which a number of sensor and control nodes are connected. The system designed is economical and can be expanded as it allows connection and controlling of a number of different devices.


INTRODUCTION
This section describes the term IOT and introduces the concept of IOT Technology. It also gives the overview of the Smart Laboratory which describes the deliverables of the project.

Overview
The Internet of Things is connecting everyday objects intelligently to the Internet to enable communication between things and people, and between things themselves. The devices can be any physical objects like smart-phones, Internet TVs, sensors and actuators [1]. For the objects to collect and exchange data electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity is embedded into them. This technology has endless possibilities and in night applications. Everyday devices are made smart and intuitive and by enabling them to share data intelligently they can be used to improve people's lives. It can be used to provide better personal safety, monitor health, save time and make better use of our natural resources. IOT has made a huge impact in the way people live, work and communicate. Internet of Things (IoT) deals with billions of intelligent objects which would be connected to sense collect the data and also communicate with surrounding people using mobile, wireless and sensor technologies. Main objective of IoT is to manage and control physical objects around us in a more intelligent and meaningful manner [1] and also improve quality of life by providing cost effective living including safety, security and entertainment. Smart objects gather useful contextual data autonomously and send to remote application servers for offering context aware or location-based services. The word "context" can refer to any location information, surrounding environment, people objects that are nearby etc. so that adaptive and personalized services can be provided to the user. Among many IoT applications, smart homes play an important role in realizing smart cities. Smart homes can be used for remotely monitoring and controlling electrical appliances. Fitted inside the home using smart intelligent physical infrastructure. The present Government of India (GoI) has proposed to develop 1OO smart cities [3] across the country which will create a huge demand for smart home automation solutions in near future. In "Smart Home" the word "Smart Home" means context aware which can be realized using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and IoT. Laboratory As shown in Figure 1.1, In this project we are going to build system which automate various laboratory component. System will provide the remote control of lights, fans, window curtain and door lock/unlock depend upon person presence. The System is managed to change environment on basis of the data provided by sensor. This system will reduce human effort for maintaining lab and also save energy.

Literature Survey
In this section we will see the various studies and research conducted in order to identify the current scenarios and trends in Home Automation and also introduce motion Base detection.

Automation technique with Raspberry Pi using IoT
Sensors and Systems present a proposed system for Smart Home Automation technique with Raspberry Pi using IoT and it is done by integrating cameras and motion sensors into a web application. To design this system, they have used a Raspberry Pi module with Computer Vision techniques [1]. Using this, we can control home appliances connected through a monitor-based internet. Raspberry Pi operates and controls motion sensors and video cameras for sensing and surveillance. For instance, it captures intruder's identity and detects its presence using simple Computer Vision Technique (CVT). Whenever motion is detected, the cameras will start recording and Raspberry Pi device alerts the owner through an alarm call [1].

Local Networking or by Remote control
Home automation is becoming more and more popular day by day due to its numerous advantages. This can be achieved by local networking or by remote control. There paper aims at designing a basic home automation application on Raspberry Pi through reading the subject of the algorithm for the same has been developed in python environment which is the default programming environment provided by Raspberry Pi. Results show the efficient implementation of proposed algorithm for home automation. LEDs were used to indicate the switching action [2].

Reduction in Cost and Power supply of wireless
system Given the reduction in cost and power supply of wireless systems along with the increasing demand for conserving energy when controlling consumer electronics and home appliances, smart home automation systems are more popular than ever before. A home automation system designed for reducing electricity consumption typically uses different sensors located in different areas of the house that communicate with a process unit to control the lights, HVAC system, consumer electronics, etc., so that the process unit turns these systems on only when needed [3].

Problem Definition
To implement a smart Laboratory system using Internet of things that is capable of controlling and automating laboratory component and environment through an easy manageable web interface.

Need of Automation
Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimum human assistance [1] Automation [2] or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. In industry there are very huge labs having hundreds or thousands of computers and some other electronic components such as Fans or AC's, Lights etc. to control them requires much human efforts, sometime unnecessarily some devices get on because of that energy get lost.

Basic Concept
Lab automation is building automation for a lab, called a smart lab. A lab automation system will control lighting, fans, curtains, and other appliances. It may also include lab security such as access control and alarm systems. When connected with the Internet, lab devices are an important constituent of the Internet of Things.

Analysis
In this section we describe the project plan adopted and determines the requirement analysis.

Project Plan
The following Table 4.1 describes the project Analysis. It compares normal lab with smart lab. Following formula is considered for analysis: Energy = Power * Time 1 KWh = 1 Unit = Rs 5

Design
In this Section describes the System Requirement Specification (SRS) to be implemented for Smart Laboratory system. It also explains the architecture of the system and external interface requirements. We have also described the Risk assessment strategy and the Data Flow Diagram which explains the ow of the project.

Software Requirement Specifications
The Software Requirement Specification describes the scope of the project, operating environment, user characteristics, design and constraints. It also elaborates the system architecture of the Smart Laboratory system.

Project Scope
Internet of Things (IoT) is creating an environment of convergence in the society. This technology environment brings a paradigm shift in our professional and personal life. As a connected environment, IoT adds customer value and loyalty. Today, IoT is being implemented everywhere which is of human concern like smart city, smart environment, security, smart business process, smart agriculture, home automation and health care [3]. Now a days, automation plays a crucial role in all work places and living homes. Presently automation techniques are implemented either using micro-controller or computer. The Raspberry Pi is a single board computer and it can be used to overcome these problems. Simply, the Raspberry Pi system functions like a computer with small setup as shown in Fig. 5.1. It contains GPIO and USB ports. Using these ports, we can control the appliances with the sensors as well as interface the camera for surveillance. Raspberry Pi can be used for multiple purposes based on our requirement.

Operating Environment
We propose a System which will automate lab environment that will reduce human effort as well as time ultimately save energy consumption. Furthermore, this system has facilities remote control all features.

User Classes and Characteristics
The user who is going to operate the system should have the good Internet connection to control remotely the application.

Face Detection using Open CV
With improving technology security is important things in industrial lab, there already system to unlock door using fingerprint scanner but it not secures easily hack-able. So, we going to use face detection to unlock door.

System Architecture
In the smart laboratory system, there are the various hardware platforms available as shown below. The embedded board connect to various sensor which takes input from surrounding environment. The output data of various sensor will analyze by our software running on embedded board in our case it is a raspberry pi. Depending upon sensor output the actuation will perform.
This System comprises a set of sensors that manages laboratory real-time environmental condition, camera module that provides face authentication, PIR sensor which detect motion of object, LDR sensor detect intensity of light, DHT11 sensor which detect temperature and humidity also there are fire sensor for fire detection and air sensor for air quality monitoring.
There will be web application to controller smart laboratory system which can able to access on mobile phone as well as computer system.

External Interface Requirement 5.3.1 User Interfaces
Desktop Application: Using the desktop application the end user will be able to controller smart laboratory system.

Hardware Interfaces Raspberry Pi:
The Raspberry pi is embedded board. It is a main component in whole system it like "Brain" of our system.

SD card:
The SD card is the Pi's "hard drive", so everything is stored on it, the OS, applications, games, and your data. So yes, it needs to be inserted if you want the Pi to boot up.

Communication Interfaces
The Raspberry PI supports all of these protocols and interfaces. The easies will probably be I2C, and SPI, then UART Serial.

5.4
Software System Attribute Reliability: The Lab Automation system built using the IOT should ensure that the SD card is mounted on RPi. Internet facility must be available for controlling the elements remotely.

Availability:
The Lab Automation system shall be available and running in a stable state at all times.

Maintainability:
The Lab Automation system shall be available to the developers for developing and adding more features.

Portability:
The Lab Automation system can be transfer from one lab to another lab.

Modeling
This section includes the modeling technique which describes the smart laboratory system. It also describes the functionality of the different features of the lab automation system.

Class Diagram
The class diagram shows the building blocks of any objectoriented system. Class diagram depicts a static view of the model or part of the model, describing what attributes and behavior it has rather that the detailing the methods of achieving operations. Class diagrams are most useful in illustrating relationships between classes and interfaces. Generalizations, aggregations, and associations are all valuable in reacting interface, composition or usage and connections receptively. The Figure 6.1 illustrates aggregation relationships between classes. The lighter aggregation indicates that the class Object Explorer used Thumbnail, but does not necessarily contain an instance of it. The strong, composite aggregations by the other connectors indicate ownership or containment of the source classes by the target.

Implementation and Results
This section consists of the various implementation details of smart laboratory system as per its methodology.

Implementation Details
This section describes the various features of the smart laboratory system and also describes the implementation methods. Following are some of the features explained with their implementation details:

Unlock the Door Using Facial Recognition:
The Multilingual feature is one of the most important features provided by the framework. The framework provides support for the Hindi language along with English; which is a primary language. The framework can provide support for more languages if required. This is implemented using the language packs of the respective language. Using the Language button on the transparent bar the user can switch between the languages. The user input is recorded in a text _le and depending upon the user language selection the typeface of the content titles is changed. The content like theory animations also can be changed to respective language if recorded in that language.

Light Controlling Mechanism:
This mechanism automating the light controlling system, in which a person enters in the lab the PIR sensor detects the motion of object(person) and sends the signal to Rpi. According to the output of PIR sensor that is if PIR sensor gives high output (i.e. person is detected) then next module will called that is LDR sensor. It will check present intensity level if present intensity level is below the threshold value then light will be going to turn ON otherwise lights will remain turn OFF.

Fan/AC Controlling Mechanism:
This mechanism will automate the manual procedure of controlling fan or AC. In this mechanism when person enters in lab it gets detected by PIR sensor, according to the PIR sensor signals next module will called. If PIR send high signal then Rpi checks the temperature of the lab by DHT11 sensor. If DHT11 sends value of temperature above the threshold value then Fans/Ac get turn ON otherwise it remains turn OFF.

Fire Detection Mechanism:
In this mechanism Rpi detects the fire by using sensor. If fire is detected buzzer will on by Rpi. dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together.

Open CV:
Open CV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is an open source computer vision and machine learning software library. Open CV was built to provide a common infrastructure for computer vision applications and to accelerate the use of machine perception in the commercial products.

Atom Editor:
Atom is a free and open-source text and source code editor for macOS, Linux, and Microsoft Windows with support for plug-ins written in Node.js, and embedded Git Control, developed by GitHub.

Conclusion
Now days things are getting automated. Need of automation increasing day by day. Adding some 'smarter' components brings more flexible control. A Smart Laboratory that uses internet-connected devices to enable the remote monitoring and management of appliances and systems, such as lighting. By considering this need our project automating the events in laboratory. Our Project will save the energy as the components remains turn of if there is no one in lab. Saving energy is directly proportional to the cost. The main purpose of our system is to reduce human efforts. We are providing face recognition to authenticate the person, so that security is maintained. There is also a manual mode by which events can manage by manually.