Modeling and Analysis of Energy Efficient Cellular Networks

Energy consumption has become a primary concern in design and operation of wireless communication networks due to two main reasons- Environmental concerns and Cost. The next generation network systems will have to consider energy efficient designs in any aspect. The 5G network which is most awaited today though proposes better data rates but also speaks about energy efficiency in its agenda.

INTRODUCTION 5G networks is the most awaited mobile technology development in the next 5 years. A lot of talks, proposals and ideas have been put forward in many conferences, congresses and events across the globe regarding the requirements and deployment of this technology. Nextgeneration cellular communication systems, or 5G, will be assisted by technologies that produce significant improvements in cell throughput. In recent years, various studies have focused on massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, which are considered to play a significant role in coming 5G technology. The technology till date has mainly concentrated on the data rates. But, energy also becoming an important parameter for the human survival hence plays a vital role in the enhancement of technology. Realizing this, industries are working on moving to renewable energy sources like solar or wind for powering the base stations. The results are promising and seem to reduce the stress on non-renewable resources. Massive MIMO is another area where a lot of research is being concentrated on, wherein the number of antennas is very large when compared to the number of users that the base station is serving. As the antennas increase, the amount of power consumed will greatly reduce. It is definitely true that the initial cost of installation of Massive MIMO will be very expensive as the hardware requirement is very high when compared to the current number of antennas that the telecom industry is using. But the energy savings by using Massive MIMO yield great results in the long run. A broad study of different techniques for energy efficiency reveals that beamforming also plays a very crucial role. Beamforming though has been into existence for more than over a decade, continuous improvements in the methodology keeps it ahead of many other technologies used for the common goal.

II.
Problem Definition Currently operating wireless networks have been mainly designed and deployed to maximize user's performance and focus on throughput, data rates and reliability, while usually paying less attention to energy efficiency. The future designs of wireless networks need to consider energy efficiency, since it is now a priority of the ICT industry to attain energy efficiency gains. Seeing this, a new research discipline called green cellular networks, concentrating on environmental influences of cellular networks, has been formed and attracted many researchers. The term green is originally a nickname for the dedicated efforts to reduce unnecessary greenhouse gases like (CO2) emissions from industries. The problem statement is described in the following points.
As for analysis the architecture of 4G LTE Network is not based on energy efficient concept even if there was no traffic load the network still consumes energy.
To minimize the cost energy consumption should be minimum hence the need of perfect energy efficient network.
As for the environmental considerations are concerned we need energy efficient networks.

III. Methodology
This work will adopt a research methodology that combines the theory model with empirical evaluation and refinement of the proposed scheme on MATLAB simulation tool. MATLAB is a useful high-level development environment for systems which require mathematical modeling, numerical computations, data analysis, and optimization methods. This is because MATLAB consists of various toolboxes, specific components, and graphical design environment that help to model different applications and build custom models easier. Cellular network takes Energy consumption (in watt or joule/s) (Cost) as input and gives us Data throughput (in bit/s) (Benefit) as output. In order to measure how cost and benefit are balancing each other, we define benefit cost ratio: Energy efficiency [bit/joule] = For, Energy efficiency to be high, Energy consumption should be low. Also, due to environmental conditions and energy being non-renewable, energy consumption should be low. Also, energy costs money. In 4G network, as traffic load increases, we go from a rather high initial Energy consumption to slightly higher one, and Energy efficiency for that reason has grown steadily as the traffic load increases. The reason for initial cost when we don't have any traffic is because of the Architecture of 4G. We have designed 4G network in the way that when no traffic is there, still energy is consumed by the network. We want energy consumption @ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID -IJTSRD21381 | Volume -3 | Issue -2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 374 to be linear with traffic load and Energy efficiency be roughly high all the time. Now to find Energy Efficient Network Design, we have used Energy Efficiency Optimization method. The optimization methods are described below: 1. Select network design variables; M, K, ρ, λ, τ 2. Model throughput and energy consumption as functions of these variables.

V. Conclusion
The aim of this paper is to present some of the most promising or potential modern wireless technologies capable in achieving positive energy savings over the existing methods, and to understand their potential and relations in energy savings. The work is an initial research towards achieving energy efficient 5G networks. A detailed initial study was done on the potential places where there is maximum power consumption in whole mobile network.