Road Safety is a Prime Rule o A Case Study o Road Safety is a Prime Rule of Traffic System A Case Study of Kolkata

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the road accident in Kolkata. Analyze shows that the distribution of road accidental deaths and Kolkata varies according to age, gender, time. Age group 18-59 years is the most vulnerable population group. Though males phase higher level of fatalities and injuries than their female Moreover road accidents are relatively higher in winter and during working hours. The main causes of accidents are poor condition of road, reckless driving, poor condition of vehicle and lack of awareness among people. A lot of corrective measures have been adopt by the government of West bengal and kolkata municipal corporation and the traffic police department.


INTRODUCTION
The kolkata metropolitan area is situated on the land of the state west bengal and it is in the eastern part of india, along with the holy river ganga with a very high populated density. The most central part of this metropolitan area is under the administrative of kolkata police, the land size of this part i sq.km. As the economy of this area is totally depending on industrial and service sector, type of economy largely depend on quicker transport the vehicle pressure on the road is huge and consequently the occurrence of accident is generally very frequent. The road network is very much congested with a total road length of 1416.4km,where the land size under this area is only 104. 5  The main aim of this paper is to analyze the road Analyze shows that the distribution of road accidental deaths and injuries in gender, month and 59 years is the most vulnerable Though males phase higher level of and injuries than their female counterparts.
ively higher in The main causes of reckless driving, poor condition of vehicle and lack of awareness among people. A lot of corrective measures have been bengal and kolkata municipal corporation and the traffic police raffic safety, Fatalities, Penalties and olkata metropolitan area is situated on the land the state west bengal and it is in the eastern part of india, along with the holy river ganga with a very high The most central part of this metropolitan area is under the administrative of the land size of this part is 104.5 sq.km. As the economy of this area is totally depending on industrial and service sector, and this type of economy largely depend on quicker transport the vehicle pressure on the road is huge and of accident is generally The road network is very much congested with a total road length of 1416.4km,where the land size under this area is only 104.5 sq k.m.

AREA OF THE STUDY
The area Selected for study is the KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AREA comprising of 141 wards in 15 boroughs with an area of 187.33 sq. K.m. The population density is one of the highest in the world in some of the wards of north kolkata while redistribution of wards in south along with refugee influx in the extreme south kolkata has been a balance the population density to some extent. area extends from cossipur, jadavpur, thakurpur, behala in south and tangra, in east to watganj, metiabruz in west.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The major objectives of this study are  To study the recent trends, such fatal cases  To measyre the intensity of accident  To relate the population density, the accident prone areas  To suggest some measures beneficial from the point study? The population density is one of the highest in the world in some of the wards of north kolkata while redistribution of wards in south along with refugee influx in the extreme south kolkata has been able to balance the population density to some extent. The area extends from cossipur, chitpur in north to behala in south and tangra, tiljala metiabruz in west.

THE STUDY
study are To study the recent trends, pattern and location of To measyre the intensity of accident To relate the population density, road density and easures which may be from the point of view of transport

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
All the required data which have been used to give a structure to this paper are being collected from the Head office of Kolkata traffic police, LalBazar. And primary data are collected by traffic survey in different roads.
Presentation: -To analyze the data in this paper some general software and GIS software have been used. The collected data are cartographic and statistical

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The traffic accident situation in kolkata as well as in India is really alarming. The incidence of accidental deaths has shown an increasing trend during the period 2007-2012 with an increase of 39.17% in the year 2012.It has total 6779 accidental cases among which 471 are fatalities,1608 injuries and 872 non injuries.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
The main causes of the road accidents are poor condition of vehicles ,bad geometrics of road, driving impairment, aggressiveness of the drivers, crossing the road ignoring zebra crossing, and narrow road space with huge traffic volume and foggy condition during winter.

TREND OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
The accidental prone roads of three years i.e 2011,2012 and 2013 has been compared where it is seen that APC road, D.H road, Taratala road, Central avenue, M.G road are common which indicates that these roads are more accident prone roads than other roads in kolkata. The trend line showing the trend of accidents for the successive years of 2007 to 2014.however the trend of curve is upward rising to 2014.Therefore certain measures are needed to be taken to slow down the accidental rates.

CHART 1.1 THE TREND OF ACCIDENTS
Source kolkata traffic police

GENDER WISE ACCIDENTS
The analysis of accident deaths in last 10years in kolkata shows greater vulnerability of male towards accidents which are probably due to greater exposure of males to the outside world of greatest workforce participation. the females, mainly confined to the household activities, are less affected but with their increasing workforce participation the trend is on increase.
AGE FACTORS IN ACCIDENTAL DEATHS Age factor plays a crucial role in this context. In a recent survey conducted by the kolkata traffic police all over, spanning over 2012-2013,about 450-500people in 18-30 age groups die in road accidents accounting for 40-50% of total accidents every year. Number of children in 5-10 years age group who succumb to road accident annually is about 10%,most being street children. It is said the next highly vulnerable age group which comes just after the age group of 18 years to 30 years is above 50 years. Weak eye sight, poor reflex, mental pressure and anxiety are the main caused for this accident.
Source: kolkata traffic police

HOURLY DISTRIBUTION OF ACCIDENT
Here it is being tried to find out the dangerous time during a day that are very highly vulnerable to different type of accident. There are mainly three type of accident being taken under consideration, these are Fatal, Serious injury, Simple injury or minor injury. In this purpose a full day has been divided into several parts. From the following table in can be said that, the dangerous time zone for accidents are 9 A.M to 12 P.M and 6 P.M to 10 P.M. As within this time slot the working populations and students are generally remain very high on road because the time slot from 9 A.M. to 12 P.M. is the time when they go to their working places and institutions and within the time slot from 1pm to 5pm, they use to back to home. Nearly 80-90% of all accident cases occur during this part of the day. Notably more accidents occur beyond traffic hours probably due to lack of traffic control, increase movement of heavy goods vehicle high speed and the drunk condition of the driver.

MONTH WISE ACCIDENT
There is a growing numbers of accidents in kolkata from October to November and the reason lies in heavy influxes of tourists from outside the city specially from rural area during this winter month to   A lot of corrective measures have been adopt by the government of West bengal kolkata municipal corporation and the traffic police department which can be discussed under to broad heads.

 PENALTIES AND PUNISHMENT
A study reveals that drivers, accounts for more than half of the traffic death occurring every year specially for ignoring traffic rules. Some of the punishments here  Kolkata police have recently launched a drive to find pedestrians crossing roads with out using zebra crossing and traffic signals. be fined for crossing road without using zebra crossing and traffic signals at junction.  Leaving vehicles in a position that may cause danger obstruction to any road user are prosecuted under U/S122/177MVA. PUNISHMENT A study reveals that drivers, riders pedestrians accounts for more than half of the traffic death every year specially for ignoring traffic Some of the punishments here: Kolkata police have recently launched a drive to estrians crossing roads with out using traffic signals. rupeese 50 will be fined for crossing road without using zebra crossing and traffic signals at different road Leaving vehicles in a position that may cause tion to any road user are prosecuted Violation of signals and taking U turn are considered serious offence and are fineable. driving.  All the traffics guards are connected with central server through virtual private network system which helps to maintain traffic data in scientific manner.  Traffics alerts in case of congestion /diversion through sms system is provided to common people  Social networking system like facebook and twitter are becoming more popular day by day.

CONCLUSION
With the increase in population and various socioeconomic functions, volume of traffic is increasing at tremendous rate. Kolkata city with its majority of roads having a north-south alignment has its major accident prone area aligned in the same direction.
 Some recommendation for city traffic The five members traffic committee, set up by Calcutta high court submitted its report to the division bench. The committee, which surveyed the strand road, bra bourn road, chitpur road, M.G road and kalakar street has recommended the following measures:  No shop owner should be allowed to stack goods on the pavement.  No structure should be allowed on the pavement.  No vehicle should be parked besides the pavement for loading and unloading purposes during office hours.  No hand-rickshaw should be allowed to be parked on the pavements.  There should be a railing along the pavement to prevent pedestrians from walking on the carriage way.  On the one way roads, parking should be allowed only on one side leaving at least fifty feet from the crossing.
 Strategies for development  State government has adopted a policy of dispersal of metropolitan activity to evolve a decentralised spatial structure. To achieve this two actions have been taken-A. To develop small and medium towns and growth centres in the state outside kolkata metropolitan area(KMA). B. To develop municipal town as well as new settlement with in KMA but outside metro.  Existing wholesale trade in Burrabazar should be gradually relocated outside metro.  There is need for engineering, assessing and improving accident prone stretches.

 GOLDEN RULES FOR THE ROAD
The kolkata traffic police, in its annual review report for the year 2013,suggested some certain rules for safe movement and journey.