Comparative Analysis of Ground Water & Surface Water of Kolhapur based on various Physico

Kolhapur city is one of the major cities in Maharashtra and well source of water bodies available in the western region of Maharashtra. But still facing the water scarcity in summer days due to the polluted water is unfit to use. Kolhapur district and city major problems with water quality. Some of the parts of district blessed with River or lakes but due to human activities pollute the surface water sources. Groundwater table lowering day by day pass or contaminated due to industrial activities. So ba it is not fit for drinking and for also irrigation purpose. This review paper is to analyze the groundwater and also surface water physicochemical parameter analysis and potential of calculating parameters and remedies the effect of pollution activities.


INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most valuable and delicate compounds of the ecosystem. All living things earth need water for their survival and grow earth having about 70 % of water which only 3% is fresh water, reaming water is in the saline state. is categorised into two groups which is and groundwater. In general Groundwater is located underground in large aquifers and must be pumped out of the ground after drilling a deep well. Surface water is available in lakes, rivers and streams and is use to the public water supply by an intake. minerals drained while water escaping rocks, so that's how groundwater is typically @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume -2 | Issue -4 | May-Jun 2018 Kolhapur city is one of the major cities in Maharashtra and well source of water bodies available in the western region of Maharashtra. But still facing the water scarcity in summer days due to the polluted water is unfit to use. Kolhapur district and city have major problems with water quality. Some of the parts of district blessed with River or lakes but due to human activities pollute the surface water sources. Groundwater table lowering day by day pass or contaminated due to industrial activities. So basically, it is not fit for drinking and for also irrigation purpose. This review paper is to analyze the groundwater and also surface water physicochemical parameter analysis and potential of calculating parameters and vities.
Water is one of the most valuable and delicate ds of the ecosystem. All living things on the survival and growth, and on earth having about 70 % of water which only 3% is fresh water, reaming water is in the saline state. Water categorised into two groups which is surface water Groundwater is located large aquifers and must be pumped out of the ground after drilling a deep well. Surface in lakes, rivers and streams and is intake. Due to the drained while water escaping through the groundwater is typically get mineralise and due to high mineral content such water considered to be "hard" water. water found in a river, lake or other surface cavity. This water is usually not having very large amount i mineral content, and it's called "soft water". Surface water is exposed to the atmosphere and interferes with human activities and also affected by many different contaminants, such as animal wastes, pesticides, insecticides, industrial wastes and many o materials. Surface water found in mountain streams and valleys can be contaminated by wild animal waste, dead animals upstream or other decay horticulture compound. Groundwater is described as water that contained by a subsurface layer of soil rock. Groundwater stored into the layer of soils, between pervious and impervious strata. While passing through rocks they absorb some minerals or get contaminated by various elements from rock strata, that how it becomes "Hard Water". groundwater contains less contamination as compare to surface water due to soil and rock strata remove excessive minerals and other constituents. mineralise and due to high mineral content such water considered to be "hard" water. Surface water it is water found in a river, lake or other surface cavity. water is usually not having very large amount in mineral content, and it's called "soft water". Surface water is exposed to the atmosphere and interferes with human activities and also affected by many different contaminants, such as animal wastes, pesticides, insecticides, industrial wastes and many other organic materials. Surface water found in mountain streams and valleys can be contaminated by wild animal waste, dead animals upstream or other decay Groundwater is described as water that contained by a subsurface layer of soil or rock. Groundwater stored into the layer of soils, between pervious and impervious strata. While passing through rocks they absorb some minerals or get contaminated by various elements from rock strata, that how it becomes "Hard Water". However, contains less contamination as compare to surface water due to soil and rock strata remove excessive minerals and other constituents. In order to achieve drinking water properties in the water sample, they came to conclusion its undesirable to drinking and also for other uses. Water contamination is far beyond filtration; contamination not just crosses permissible level but also gets highly polluted. By conducting various experiments on the samples they calculated the WQI of sample, and using water quality index as the rating scale for the physicchemical parameters of water sample.
Range of rating scale (Vr) and significance for the physic-chemical parameters As per the above table, station had 45.4 WQI so it is considered heavily polluted. So, the station 2 is 42.5, Station 3 is 45.4 and station 4 is 42.5 had highly polluted WQI.

Abhijeet S. Ghone et. al. (2015) in this research
paper deep study about rankala lake pollution and water quality studies conduct. By visually analysis of the lake it is clear that municipal waste is dumping into the lake at various points, so researcher chose the 5 points around the lake to collect the samples exact opposite points where waste water is dumping into lake by four various points such as Sham Society Nalla, Sairnaik Colony Nalla, Partala Nallla, Deshmukh Nalla. Many other activities such as bathing on lake, washing animals, vehicals and clothes, Ganesh idols and nirmalya immersion, dumping remaing foods from chawpati in lake is also contributing pollution in lake area. According to the readings Average pH of water is around 6 to 7.2 and having calcium hardness, because of the high chloride content it makes water rich inorganic constitutes which helps to promotes excessive plant growth and decay, favours certain weedy species. Still the pollution around lake is moderate, but water is unsuitable for human use. Tulashi tank is artificially earthen dam with masonry spillway. The purpose of the paper is to observed levels of studied parameters with the corresponding WHO and BIS guidelines values for drinking-water quality. The method to study of physicochemical parameters of water carried out during the period of January 2008 to December 2008, the sample was collected by 4 station respectively from human or animal interference from 1 to 1.5 meter depth, in 2-3 liter capacity containers. Temperature and pH check at the time of collection. According to physical parameters, water is transparent and varied from 32.45 cm to 44.56 cm, so after laboratory testing Turbidity of water recorded within the range from 0.68 to 2.95 NTU in permissible limits. pH of water is averaging 7.5, the temperature is 27 o C. D.O. of water is within 6.48 -8.52 mg/l, Alkalinity 126.42 -162.42 mg/l, Total hardness 82.48 -156.26 mg/l. After testing all results of various parameters of water it is concluded that water quality of Tulashi Tank meets the Permissible limits of water standards. It is cleared that certain water body is free

Conclusion:
From the results of above review papers, it is concluded that most of the surface water polluted by human activities and groundwater storage is limited. Surface water quality is very poor that it is not potable and also domestic use purpose. Groundwater is in the permissible limit but quantity is very adequate. By analyzing various properties of water surface water contaminated by lead, excessive zinc, heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, cloths and other polluted constituents. Where groundwater quality maintains within the permissible limit throughout the Kolhapur district, it is fit for drinking and domestic purpose. This review paper help to analyse Kolhapur district water status both groundwater and surface water. It is also come in useful in the filtration methods for various water qualities.