Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on Unemployment and Village Economy

Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger is the first and the primary concern of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) . The primary consideration to trigger development should be to maximize work opportunities for the unemployed and under employed. A multifaceted developmental strategy has been adopted to address the needs of the poor by ensuring their basic rights and to promote economic growth. To fight unemployment , poverty and enhance livelihood security more effectively with multiplier effect on Social Capital formation ,Physical Capital, Ecological Synergies, Strengthen Democratic Process and ensure Sustainable Development a new wage employment programme namely National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was formulated in 2005 and implemented in all and union territories of India in phased manner from February 2006 .With its legal frame work and rights based approach Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides 100 days of guaranteed to every rural house hold whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work with in a financial year . Some 25.15 crore workers under 7.08 crore job cards are registered under the scheme and 2449.25 crore person days have been generated with total expenditure of 425979.42 crore from inception of the scheme (2 2006 to 19-11-2017 ) by providing employment to unemployed unskilled manual workers of rural India .There are several flagship programmes viz Bharat Nirman, Pradhan Mantari Gram Sadak Yojna, | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume Journal of Trend in Scientific and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal Suheel Azad Research Scholar, SOS in Excellence Gwalior, Jiwaji University, Gwalior Dr. Vibha Doorwar Associate Professor, of Excellence Gwalior, Jiwaji University, Gwalior

Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger is the first and the primary concern of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) . The primary consideration to trigger development should be to maximize work opportunities for the unemployed and under eted developmental strategy has been adopted to address the needs of the poor by ensuring their basic rights and to promote economic growth. To fight unemployment , poverty and enhance livelihood security more effectively with Capital formation ,Physical Capital, Ecological Synergies, Strengthen Democratic Process and ensure Sustainable Development a new wage employment programme namely National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was formulated in 2005 and implemented in all the states and union territories of India in phased manner from February 2006 .With its legal frame work and rights based approach Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides 100 days of guaranteed to every rural house hold whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work with in a financial year . Some 25.15 crore workers under 7.08 crore job cards are registered under the scheme and 2449.25 crore person days have been generated with total expenditure of 2 crore from inception of the scheme (2-2017 ) by providing employment to unemployed unskilled manual workers of rural India .There are several flagship programmes viz Bharat Nirman, Pradhan Mantari Gram Sadak Yojna, Pradhan Mantari Awas Yojna, National Health Mission, Swatch Bharat Mission etc , in spite of all these programmes there are several gaps which MGNREGA can fill and also supplement these programmes under convergence module. Not much research work has been done on the current theme , hence this descriptive cum evaluative study seems to be due therefore conducted under this research paper. In the recent past, the Government has taken several steps to provide employment to the labour force. One of the significant efforts in this direction is the enactment of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA is an important step towards the realization of the right to work and to enhance the livelihood security of the households in the rural areas of the country. The scheme provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in e year to every household whose adult member volunteers to do unskilled manual work. Unemployment continues to be the barrier for the poor to escape the poverty trap. The Act aims to provide a safety net to the poor and unemployed from the 'Poverty that Kills". The auxiliary objective of Jun In the recent past, the Government has taken several steps to provide employment to the labour force. One of the significant efforts in this direction is the enactment of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA). MGNREGA is an important step towards the realization of the right to work and to enhance the livelihood security of the households in the rural areas of the country. The scheme provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult member volunteers to do unskilled manual work.
Unemployment continues to be the barrier for the poor to escape the poverty trap. The Act aims to provide a safety net to the poor and unemployed from verty that Kills". The auxiliary objective of 3. To analyse the impact of MGNREGA on Rural Economy.

To suggest measures to strengthen the programme
Methodology: Data has been collected from the secondary sources and interview method has also been put to practice.
Universe of the study: Although the study gives over all status of employment generation at national level but comparative analysis had been made in respect of district pulwama block Keller and shadimarg of J &K and District Gwalior Block Morar of Madhya Pradesh.
Data Analysis and Interpretation:   Inference: Female workers out number the men workers hence need for their skilling hence an indication of security at work place by working within their own Gram Panchayat.  ii. : Halqa Sangerwani A and B are the Gram Panchayats dominated by SC population but the number of persondays generated are the least in these two gram panchayats . On having face to face interaction with them, the researcher reached to the conclusion that the awareness level regarding the scheme is very low and being a far flung area lack of supervision has resulted in failure of the scheme in the said two Gps although topographicaly the scheme is having tremendous scope in the area. In rest of the GPs the schme has increased the employment opportunities and reduced migration rate. iii