This article examines the major issues in developing students’ linguistic competence in Arabic as reflected in scholarly and methodological literature. Linguistic competence, encompassing phonological, morphological, syntactic, and pragmatic skills, is particularly challenging in Arabic due to its diglossia, complex root-and-pattern morphology, and script system. Through qualitative analysis of recent literature, the study identifies key obstacles: difficulties in mastering phonology, script, and dialect variation, as well as the integration of cultural aspects. The discussion highlights effective strategies recommended in the literature, including communicative and competency-based approaches, balanced treatment of Modern Standard Arabic and dialects, and the integration of digital tools and cultural content. The findings underline the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives and the need for teacher training to ensure successful linguistic competence development in Arabic language education.
Arabic language teaching, linguistic competence, diglossia, communicative approach, methodology, second language acquisition, script acquisition, pedagogy.
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