The proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) poses a significant threat to international peace and security. The paper investigated the security implications of Iran’s nuclear project and the fragility of non-proliferation. The study adopted a historical research design, and secondary sources of data were used. The study is premised on realism, which has its assumption that nations act only out of self-interest and their major goal is to advance their position of power in the international community. Iran’s effort towards building a nuclear programme was its quest for national security and its power projection in the Middle East. This becomes a threat to Israel and other regional power blocs due to Iran’s aggressive nature in the Middle East. The response of global actors and institutions was negotiation, which ended in a stalemate from 2003-2013. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was concluded, effectively bringing the Iran nuclear agreement to a close. While the deal had its achievements and setbacks, the U.S. withdrawal under the Trump administration in 2018 significantly undermined its stability and revived concerns over nuclear proliferation. The fear of Iran’s 60% enrichment of uranium led Israel to declare war on Iran to neutralise Iran’s nuclear capabilities. The conflict has led to the death of over 628 Iranians, including nuclear scientists, generals, and commanders. Iran’s retaliatory defences have penetrated Israel’s defence system and killed over 28 Israelis. On June 22, the U.S. conducted an assault with seven B-2 bombers, each equipped with two GBU-57A/B MOP bombs, on three Iranian nuclear facilities: Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in an operation designated "Midnight Hammer". This caused a misreaction on the future of Iran's nuclear ambitions. The study recommended that the U.S. should rejoin the JCPOA and demonstrate a genuine commitment, helping rebuild trust with Iran and enhancing regional security.
Iran Nuclear Deal, Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Non-Proliferation, Diplomacy. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.
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