CRISPR-based diagnostics represent a transformative advancement in viral detection and surveillance, offering rapid, cost-effective, and highly sensitive alternatives to traditional methods. Originating from bacterial adaptive immune systems, CRISPR-Cas platforms such as Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 have been adapted for precise nucleic acid detection enable point-of-care (POC) testing. Platforms like SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and HOLMES have demonstrated success in detecting various pathogens, addressing urgent needs during recent outbreaks such as COVID-19. Despite current limitations such as off-target effects, PAM dependency, and workflow complexity, to overcome this limitation ongoing innovations in Cas protein engineering, assay design, and integration with AI and portable devices are rapidly advancing the field. With regulatory approvals already achieved for certain platforms, CRISPR-based diagnostics are poised to become vital tools in global public health, enabling rapid, scalable, and accessible disease surveillance and personalized healthcare.
CRISPR diagnostics, Gene editing, Point-of-care testing, Rapid pathogen detection, Emerging infectious diseases
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