As organizations shift toward hybrid IT environments, the integration of on-premises identity and access management (IAM) systems with cloud-based identity services has become a strategic imperative. This paper explores architectural models, security implications, and operational challenges associated with hybrid IAM deployments. We propose a layered reference architecture that enables seamless identity federation, policy orchestration, and lifecycle management across cloud and legacy systems. Real-world use cases and technical patterns are presented to guide the deployment of resilient, scalable, and secure hybrid IAM infrastructures.
Hybrid IAM, Identity Federation, Cloud IAM, Active Directory, Azure AD, Policy Orchestration, Zero Trust
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