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Spectroscopic Analysis of Leachables and Extractables from Selected Pharmaceutical Packaging: Assessing Ink and Adhesive Migration in Drug Labels and Containers in Nigeria

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Spectroscopic Analysis of Leachables and Extractables from Selected Pharmaceutical Packaging: Assessing Ink and Adhesive Migration in Drug Labels and Containers in Nigeria


M. B Nkachukwu | P. O Okwuego | C. O Ifeakor | V. O Offiah



M. B Nkachukwu | P. O Okwuego | C. O Ifeakor | V. O Offiah "Spectroscopic Analysis of Leachables and Extractables from Selected Pharmaceutical Packaging: Assessing Ink and Adhesive Migration in Drug Labels and Containers in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2, April 2025, pp.590-600, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78425.pdf

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to analyze the chemical composition of pharmaceutical drugs, their labels, and packaging materials. The study examined three drug samples (Allergin, Bioflex, and Cofex), along with their respective packaging containers and labels, to identify functional groups that contribute to their structural properties and pharmacological behavior. The FTIR spectra of Allergin revealed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) at 3260 cm?¹, nitrile (-C=N) at 2113 cm?¹, amine (-NH) at 1640 cm?¹, and alkyl (-CH) groups, indicating a complex molecular structure. Bioflex showed characteristic amine (-NH) absorption at 3335 cm?¹ and a sharp nitrile (-C=N) peak at 2110 cm?¹, suggesting a simpler but bioactive composition. Cofex exhibited strong carboxyl (-COOH) stretching at 1760 cm?¹ and nitrile (-C=N) at 2124 cm?¹, indicating possible ester or acid anhydride components. The FTIR analysis of packaging materials identified polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and other polymeric compounds, with strong C=O (1719 cm?¹), C-H (2959 cm?¹), and C-O (1167 cm?¹) stretching bands. These findings highlight the significance of FTIR in quality control, drug formulation validation, and packaging material assessment, ensuring pharmaceutical safety and effectiveness.

FTIR spectroscopy, pharmaceutical analysis, functional groups, drug formulation, nitrile absorption, polymeric packaging, quality control, structural analysis


IJTSRD78425
Volume-9 | Issue-2, April 2025
590-600
IJTSRD | www.ijtsrd.com | E-ISSN 2456-6470
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - IJTSRD having online ISSN 2456-6470. IJTSRD is a leading Open Access, Peer-Reviewed International Journal which provides rapid publication of your research articles and aims to promote the theory and practice along with knowledge sharing between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world in many areas like Sciences, Technology, Innovation, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and many more and it is recommended by all Universities, review articles and short communications in all subjects. IJTSRD running an International Journal who are proving quality publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals from diverse fields that emphasizes new research, development and their applications. IJTSRD provides an online access to exchange your research work, technical notes & surveying results among professionals throughout the world in e-journals. IJTSRD is a fastest growing and dynamic professional organization. The aim of this organization is to provide access not only to world class research resources, but through its professionals aim to bring in a significant transformation in the real of open access journals and online publishing.

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