India and Israel today share a strong strategic partnership in areas such as defence cooperation, technological innovation, agriculture, and counter-terrorism. However, the relationship between the two countries did not develop immediately after the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. For several decades, India maintained a cautious diplomatic distance from Israel due to domestic political considerations, its support for the Palestinian cause, and its commitment to the Non-Aligned Movement. Despite this diplomatic distance, limited cooperation continued in areas such as security and intelligence. The end of the Cold War and India’s economic reforms in the early 1990s created new geopolitical conditions that led to the establishment of full diplomatic relations in 1992. Since then, India–Israel relations have expanded into a multidimensional partnership involving defence collaboration, economic cooperation, agricultural innovation, and technological exchange. This article examines the transformation of India–Israel relations from diplomatic distance to strategic partnership. Using qualitative historical analysis and international relations perspectives, the study analyses the political, economic, and security factors that shaped this transformation. The article argues that changes in global politics, regional security concerns, and mutual technological interests played a major role in strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries.
India–Israel relations; strategic partnership; foreign policy; defence cooperation; Middle East politics; international relations.
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