Terrorism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that poses significant challenges to global security, political stability, and social cohesion. It involves the use of threat of violence by non-state actors to instill fear, coerce governments, or influence public opinion in pursuit of ideological, political, or religious objectives. The impacts of terrorism extend beyond immediate physical harm, affecting economic development, human rights, and international relations. Understanding terrorism requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates political science, sociology, psychology, and security studies. Effective counterterrorism strategies must therefore balance security measures with efforts to address underlying issues, promote social inclusion, and uphold the rule of law. It is a well-known fact that when terrorists carry out their attacks, there is the likelihood of severe and mass casualty of people which may include security personnel, health workers, and civilian population. These attacks could lead to the death, severe to minor injuries of people and as well as to the damage to public and private infrastructure necessary for the survival of people. The paper examines the root causes of terrorism, including political grievances, socio-economic inequalities, identity conflicts, and radicalization processes. It also looks at the evolving nature of terrorist strategies, media, and transnational networks.
Terrorism, terrorists (non-state actors), mass casualty, bioterrorism or weapon of mass destruction (WMD), counterterrorism strategies, political instability, weak governance, corruption, crisis management, alternative financing mechanisms, human rights, transnational networks, international relations, social inclusion, technological advancements, radicalization.
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