Satellite communication systems are affected by atmospheric conditions at one point or another, and this can cause degradation or attenuation of quality. This study discussed the impact of atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, and ionospheric electron density on satellite-to-ground and ground-to-satellite communication links as being the major challenges. The research work, which made use of the review research method, in which several research works from reputable journals and sources were studied. The research result showed that some of the effects of these challenges affecting satellite-to-ground station and ground-station-to-satellite communications are signal attenuation, propagation delay, scintillation, noise, and interference, as well as complete link outages. The result also reported some methods of mitigating atmospheric challenges to satellite-to-ground and ground-to-satellite communication, such as adaptive modulation and coding, frequency diversity and power control mechanisms, site diversity using multiple ground stations, advanced error correction algorithms, and atmospheric prediction models for proactive link management. In conclusion, it was said that satellite-to-ground station as well as ground station-to-satellite communications links are faced with several atmospheric challenges, which can result in many negative ways; such challenges can be prevented or reduced to manageable levels. The results will be valuable for designing resilient satellite networks, particularly in high-frequency bands and regions prone to severe weather disturbances.
Attenuation, Adaptive modulation and coding, scintillation, Satellite, communication links.
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