The increasing global demand for reliable and sustainable electrical energy has accelerated the development of hybrid renewable energy systems that integrate multiple renewable sources. Among these, photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy-based hybrid systems have gained significant attention due to their complementary nature and improved reliability under variable environmental conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of grid-connected and standalone hybrid PV–wind energy systems, emphasizing advanced control strategies, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, energy storage integration, forecasting methods, and system optimization approaches. Various control methodologies such as Fractional Order PID (FOPID), particle swarm optimization (PSO), centralized and decentralized controllers, and artificial intelligence-based forecasting techniques are critically analyzed. The reviewed studies demonstrate that hybrid PV–wind systems significantly enhance power quality, grid stability, renewable energy utilization, and overall system efficiency compared to single-source systems. Furthermore, the integration of energy storage and optimized power electronics improves dynamic performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This review highlights recent advancements, identifies research gaps, and provides insights for future development of efficient hybrid renewable energy systems.
Hybrid Renewable Energy System; Photovoltaic–Wind System; MPPT Techniques; Energy Storage Systems; Grid Integration; Control Strategies.
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