Logistics and freight transport remain one of the largest and fastest-growing sources of carbon emissions in global supply chains, which has pushed environmental sustainability to the centre of logistics and supply chain management research. At the same time, the diffusion of digital technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing and digital twins is reshaping how firms plan, execute and monitor logistics activities. This paper examines how digitalization contributes to green logistics and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and, through this pathway, to environmental and operational performance. Using a structured narrative literature review of peer-reviewed studies published mainly between 2018 and 2025, together with secondary statistical data drawn from the International Energy Agency, Statista, the World Economic Forum and Our World in Data, the study develops a conceptual framework that links digital enablers to green logistics practices, contextual moderators and dual performance outcomes. The synthesis shows that digitalization improves environmental performance chiefly through route and load optimisation, real-time emissions visibility, predictive maintenance and closed-loop reverse logistics, while operational gains stem from lower transaction costs, greater agility and improved delivery reliability. The relationship is not automatic, however; it is conditioned by regulatory pressure, organisational digital readiness, firm size and industry context. The paper concludes with managerial and policy implications for accelerating a digitally enabled, low-carbon logistics transition, and identifies avenues for future empirical research.
Green Logistics; Sustainable Supply Chain Management; Digitalization; Industry 4.0; Environmental Performance; Operational Performance; Digital Technologies.
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