The study to evaluate the sustainable farming and water management with reference to crops wheat, rice, sugarcane, and potato. Water availability is detrimental to agricultural development and food production. The ever-increasing population pressure leading to enhanced demand for food production mandates increase in irrigated area. However, menace of pollution and diversion of fresh water for other uses like industry has stressed the fresh water resources. Low irrigation efficiency, usually less than 65% of the applied water is actually used by the crops necessitates enhancement in sustainable use of irrigation water. Efforts are being made by various stakeholders for better management and optimization of water consumption in agriculture. Better management usually refers to improvement in irrigation techniques and water use efficiency of crops. The former is closely related to the type of irrigation technology, environmental conditions and the scheduling of water application and latter involve Agricultural practices, such as soil management, fertilizer application and disease and pest control. Socio-economic factors and climate change influence the pattern of agricultural water use. Sustainable Agriculture and water management is heavily dependent on social behaviour of rural communities, economic constraints and legal & institutional framework that may favour the adoption of some measures over others. Sustainable water management in agriculture, which has a multi-functional role, can be achieved by adopting improvements in irrigation application, soil and plant practices, water pricing, reuse of treated wastewater, farmers’ participation in water management and capacity building. Equitable distribution and technological application of above initiatives is necessary for the most sought results. This paper focuses on key factors which influences agriculture productivity and discusses State-of-Art technologies that are economically viable for sustainable agriculture. The adoption of these techniques can improve the agriculture output mitigating the adverse impact of climate change and constraints imposed by socio-economic factors.
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