The introduction of the Free Bus Scheme in Tamil Nadu has been a significant public policy initiative aimed at promoting social equity and economic mobility, particularly for women, students, low-income earners, and the elderly. Launched in May 2021, this scheme provides free access to public transportation services on 'white board' buses, which represent the most affordable and widely used public transport routes. This study examines the socio-economic impact of the Free Bus Scheme in Madurai District, with a focus on changes in commuting patterns, savings, gender mobility, and overall satisfaction among daily commuters. The research employs both quantitative (survey data) and qualitative (interviews and observations) methods to assess the effectiveness of the scheme. The findings suggest that the Free Bus Scheme has led to increased mobility, improved access to employment opportunities, and financial savings for many beneficiaries, particularly women. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and bus frequency issues have been identified. This paper also discusses the broader implications of this policy for future transport planning and social welfare strategies aimed at improving the quality of life for marginalized communities in Tamil Nadu.
Free Bus Scheme, Public Transportation, Women Empowerment, Socio-economic Impact
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