Water is indispensable to all biotic life. It recharges soil, flows into streams, evaporates into the atmosphere, and completes its cyclic journey, thereby sustaining ecological balance. Human dependence on water is constant, making equitable access, judicious utilisation, and conservation essential for sustainable development. This paper examines urban water supply in Ranchi city, which relies primarily on surface water from river-fed dams amid rapid urban expansion. It analyses demand–supply dynamics, projected population growth, user charges collected by the Ranchi Municipal Corporation (RMC), and equitable distribution across city subdivisions. Although current supply appears adequate, rising population pressure on land and surface water resources-governed by seasonal rainfall-necessitates robust storage, distribution, and quality management strategies. The Drinking Water and Sanitation Department handles storage and supply, while the RMC manages collection and distribution. Water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), were assessed at three major dams (Getalsud/Rukka, Hatia/Dhurwa, and Kanke). The study underscores the urgency of supplementary measures such as mandatory rainwater harvesting to ensure long-term sustainability.
Urban water supply, sustainability, population projection, dam management, water quality, Ranchi Municipal Corporation.
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