Oil extraction using Jatropha gossypiifolia linnues seeds is also becoming an important issue, which needs to be optimized to enhance the efficiency of biodiesel feedstock and the sustainability of the process as a whole. It is the research of the impact of microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment methods on the yield of oil extraction within the purpose to define the optimum operating conditions and compare the performance of these techniques related to the efficiency of their operation, the amount of energy used, and the quality of oils. The research studies were carried out at diverse temperatures (40-800C) and exposure durations (15-45 minutes) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to simulate and optimize the extraction process. The findings indicated that both pretreatment procedures were found to significantly increase the recovery of oil in comparison to untreated seeds (27.43%). Microwave pretreatment recorded a maximum yield of 30.56% at 800C in 15 minutes, which is equivalent to an equivalent improvement of 11.41, and ultrasonic pretreatment recorded a higher yield of 32.18% at 800C in 30 minutes, which is equivalent to an increase of 17.32%. ANOVA statistical analysis revealed significant effects of temperature, time and their interaction on the extraction yield (p < 0.05) where temperature had the most significant effect. Optimized parameters of the RSM were 76.40C in 18.2 min in case of micro wave pretreatment and 78.30C in 32.5 min in case of ultrasonic pretreatment with prediction error of less than 1%, which is a high degree of model reliability. Mechanically, the microwave pretreatment was more effective in oil extraction because it increases the release of oil by means of dielectric heating and internal cell rupturing, whereas the ultrasonic pretreatment uses a combination of thermal and cavity disruption to increase the effectiveness of the extraction. Besides increased yield, oil of better quality was obtained under ultrasonic pretreatment, which had a low acid value and free fatty acid content. Despite the fact that ultrasonic pretreatment also needed more energy input, economic evaluation showed that the extra oil recovered compensated the extra energy expense making it to generate more net revenue than microwave pretreatment.
Jatropha seed, Ultrasonic, Microwave, Fuel, Pretreatment.
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