The study using eco-criticism and literary techniques including comparison and analysis how the ‘sea’ is used as the evocation of the climbing complexity of Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick (1851), Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea (1952), and Yann Martel’s Life of Pi (2001) within the field of literature, specifically as it relates to how the ‘sea’ represents both a geographic space but also an extensive symbol of humankind’s aspiration to achieve; to strive and conquer against his own existential prohibitions; how common humankind has an exceedingly complex and fragile interplay with nature; and ultimately the profound spiritual transformation experienced through the many hurdles he faces during his environmental journey. By defining the sea as an undefined, vast, trespassable wilderness in which humanity meets Earth’s greatest natural forces, the study analyses how the literary images created by the authors define the meaning behind human experiences as they relate to the sea through contrasting references within each author’s text. It also demonstrates how Melville used Captain Ahab’s monomaniacal pursuit of the white whale to exemplify nature’s overpowering force upon humanity’s desire to achieve; whilst, in contrast, Hemingway used Santiago’s endurance against the sea to represent the human spirit's ability to withstand unspeakable hardship while reconciling itself, with nature; further, it assess Martel’s depiction of the sea as a transformative experience based upon the author’s ability create faith, imagination, and flexibility to adapt in response to challenges faced by humanity when confronting nature.
Sea, Human–Nature Relationship, Ecocriticism, Existentialism, Maritime Literature.
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