The rapid acceleration of global urbanization has forced municipal authorities to confront unprecedented challenges in infrastructure management, environmental sustainability, and resource allocation. The paradigm of the “smart city digital twin” has emerged to address the challenges. A smart city digital twin is a cyber component that mirrors the physical urban system through real-time monitoring and simulation. The urban digital twin (UDT) represents a paradigm shift in how modern cities are planned, managed, and experienced. It is a cyber-physical system that mirrors the physical urban environment through continuous, bidirectional data exchange. Unlike traditional static 3D city models, a UDT is a living, dynamic replica that synthesizes real-time data streams from Internet of things (IoT) sensors, mobile devices, and municipal infrastructure. Several pioneering cities worldwide have transitioned the concept of the UDT from academic research into practical, operational systems. This paper delves into the realm of digital twin technologies and their role in shaping smart cities.
digitalization, digital twins, smart cities, city/urban digital twins (UDTs).
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