In order to extract maximum power from a Photovoltaic (PV) screen, a different Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm has been developed, among which the Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is commonly used. The P&O algorithm may be done either by direct duty ratio or by voltage comparison power. Both have time monitoring and oscillation disadvantages across the MPP. In this case, the reference voltage produced by the algorithm is fed to the controller (PI/PID) to produce the corresponding duty ratio. The PID controller gains are determined under the normal test conditions (STC) (1000 W/m2, 25°C) of the PV panel and the same values are used for other operating conditions which do not offer satisfactory results under different operating conditions. In this article, an adaptive approach is suggested for the measurement of gains for controllers under varying operating conditions without the use of external sensors. The suggested approach defines a linear association between the PID gains measured for the STC and those for other operating conditions, and this relationship adapts the PID gains for various operating conditions. The models and experimental findings demonstrate that the suggested adaptive system specifically measures the maximum power and optimizes the disruption characteristics.
Adaptive controller, DC–DC converter, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Perturb and observe (P&O), Photovoltaic (PV), Proportional integral differential controller (PID controller)
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