The global electric power infrastructure, largely based on century-old principles, is undergoing a paradigm shift to accommodate high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and emerging technologies. Traditional electric grids composed of synchronous generators, transformers, and AC transmission lines, rely on fundamental control techniques such as grid synchronization, load-frequency control, and voltage-reactive power compensation. However, these conventional systems face challenges in maintaining stability and efficiency due to increasing energy demands and the integration of distributed energy resources. This paper explores the role of power electronics in shaping future electric power grids, from generation to consumption. It discusses advanced Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), smart grids, and the impact of quantum-dot computing and wireless communication in grid modernization. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges of implementing grid-level power electronics, including efficiency, cost, and operational reliability. The transition to next-generation electric power networks will require fundamental advancements in power electronics, intelligent control systems, and real-time monitoring technologies.
Power electronics, Smart grids, Renewable energy integration, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Distributed energy resources (DER), Quantum-dot computing, Energy storage, Digital grids, Grid modernization, Intelligent power systems
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