This Paper deals with a new concept within the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) family, called Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC), is the most powerful FACTS device, which can simultaneously control all the parameters of the system like the line impedance, the transmission angle, and bus voltage. The DPFC is derived from the Unified Power-Flow Controller (UPFC). But there is a drawback in UPFC that is the components of the UPFC handle the voltages and currents with high rating, therefore the total cost of the system is high. Due to the common dc-link interconnection, a failure that happens at one converter will influence the whole system. To achieve the required reliability for power systems, bypass circuits and redundant backups (backup transformers, capacitor Banks etc.) are needed, which on other hand, increase the cost. Accordingly, the UPFC has not been commercially used, even though it has the most advanced control capabilities. DPFC uses one shunt and several series converters. The shunt converter is similar as a STATCOM, the series converter of the DPFC employs the Distributed-FACTS concept, which uses multiple small single-phase converters instead of one large-size converter. The common dc link between the shunt and series converters, which is used for exchanging active power in the UPFC, is eliminated in case of DPFC. This power is now transmitted through the transmission line at the Third-harmonic frequency.
AC–DC power conversion, Load flow control, power electronics, power semiconductor devices, power system control, power-transmission control
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