Rapid urbanization along with the development of large-scale industries has created numerous environmental problems. With the reduction of buildable ground, the construction sector has to move to areas with claysoil for expansion, which require soil stabilization. Any construction work over subgrade clay soil is expensive since treatment with various admixtures is required. Civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, and builders have tried many ways to avoid the damaging effects of expansive soils. This study shows that admixtures help reduce the costs of construction on expansive soil as well as the disposal of industrial wastes. Technological advances have made it possible to introduce new technologies in civil engineering; for instance, geosynthetics are embedded in the soil to reduce the height of replacement soil. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the methodologies for improving the geotechnical properties of clay soil. Three different types of soils were collected from Bhopal (M.P.). Based on their physical-chemical parameters, these were classified as Low Compressibility of soil (CL), Medium Compresibility of soil (CI), and High Compressibility of soil (CH) according to IS standards, respectively. The different admixtures QD, MP, and FA, which are abundantly available in quarries and thermal industries, were collected and their physical and engineering properties were determined. Three soil samples were mixed with the admixtures at different ratios and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined. The trials were conducted with the addition of admixtures ranging from 10% to 40% by weight to Soil 1, Soil2, and Soil 3, and the dry density was obtained. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 1: QD(70:30) is higher than that of Soil 1 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 2: QD (70:30) is higher than that of Soil 2 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 3: QD (80:20) is higher than that of Soil 3 with other admixtures of different ratios. Regarding the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), the variations in OMC for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 are 21%, 24%, and 26%, respectively. Soil 3 has greater OMC to achieve the corresponding Maximum dry density (MDD). Water was adsorbed on clay minerals based on the percentage of clay content. Since Soil 3 has higher clay content, the OMC was higher to attain the MDD. From the test results, the best soil and admixture with the best ratio was identified. The best admixture QD was mixed with soil samples, but the proportion was reduced. Then, experiments were carried out by introducing single- and double- layer geogrid. The swell behaviour of soil, the time settlement, swell pressure, load settlement, and California bearing ratio (CBR) of the soil with QD at the best reduced ratio were analyzed. The swelling values controlled by the placement of double-layer (DL) geogrid (GG) are approximately 38.5%, 58%, and 80% for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3, respectively, compared with Soil 1, Soil 2 with QD (70:30), and Soil 3 with QD (80:20) + geogrid double layer (GG (DL). The swelling was controlled 80% through mixing of admixture (QD- 80:20) with placement of geogrid in double-layer. The percentage reduction of swell pressure for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 with admixture, single-layer geogrid and double-layer geogrid are 40%, 60% and 80% respectively. It is clearly shown that pressure gradually increased with the addition of admixtures. The provision of the double-layer geogrid increased the pressure by 257.14% compared to Soil 1 alone. The same soil and admixtures, with and without single- and double-layer geogrid, were used to test the subgrade strength in terms of CBR value. For soil alone, the CBR value are less than 2%; with the addition of admixtures this gradually increased to 12%; and with the provision of single- and double-layer geogrid increased to 16% and 18%, respectively. Thus, any type of expansive soil exhibits swelling behavior; with the addition of admixture, dry density increases and OMC remains constant regardless of clay content. The results showed that the best admixture for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 is QD. The ratio of the admixture with and without geogrids, and ways to improve the stabilization of clay soil were discussed.
Rapid urbanization, geogrid in double-layer, CBR value, Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum dry density, different admixtures, Compressibility of soil
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - IJTSRD having
online ISSN 2456-6470. IJTSRD is a leading Open Access, Peer-Reviewed International
Journal which provides rapid publication of your research articles and aims to promote
the theory and practice along with knowledge sharing between researchers, developers,
engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world in many areas
like Sciences, Technology, Innovation, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and
many more and it is recommended by all Universities, review articles and short communications
in all subjects. IJTSRD running an International Journal who are proving quality
publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals from diverse fields
that emphasizes new research, development and their applications. IJTSRD provides
an online access to exchange your research work, technical notes & surveying results
among professionals throughout the world in e-journals. IJTSRD is a fastest growing
and dynamic professional organization. The aim of this organization is to provide
access not only to world class research resources, but through its professionals
aim to bring in a significant transformation in the real of open access journals
and online publishing.