A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded fertilizer levels, farmyard manure (FYM) and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes, nutrient uptake, protein yield, soil fertility status and economics of urdbean (Vigna mungo L.). The treatments comprised different levels of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), FYM (0 and 5 tha?¹)and biofertilizers including Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Application of 125% RDF significantly enhanced growth and yield attributes, recording maximum plant height (50.08 cm), branches per plant (3.03), pods per plant (27.99), seeds per pod (6.84), seed index (4.26 g) and seed yield per plant (7.67 g), which ultimately resulted in higher seed yield per hectare. FYM application at 5 tha?¹markedly improved plant growth, nodulation and productivity, with plant height (46.75 cm), pods per plant (26.52), seeds per pod (6.51), seed index (4.22 g), seed yield per plant (7.11 g), root nodules per plant (45.90), nodule dry weight (71.16 mg) and seed yield (1237 kg ha?¹). Biofertilizer inoculation exhibited consistent positive effects across treatments by improving nodulation and nutrient availability, although differences among biofertilizer treatments were statistically at par. Nutrient uptake (N, P and K) was significantly influenced by fertilizer levels, with higher uptake recorded under 125% RDF due to increased biomass production and improved nutrient availability. However, nutrient concentration in seed remained non-significant across treatments. Protein yield was significantly enhanced under higher fertility levels and FYM application, indicating improved nitrogen assimilation and seed quality. Soil fertility parameters, including organic carbon and available N, P and K, showed improvement with FYM and biofertilizer application, reflecting better soil health and sustainability. Economic analysis revealed that application of 125% RDF resulted in maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio, making it the most profitable treatment combination. The findings suggest that integrated application of 125% RDF along with FYM at 5 tha?¹and biofertilizers is an effective strategy for achieving higher productivity, improved nutrient use efficiency, enhanced protein yield and sustainable soil health in urdbean cultivation.
Integrated Nutrient Management, Urdbean, RDF, FYM, Biofertilizers, Nutrient Uptake, Protein Yield, Soil Health, Economics.
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