For the past few decades, the topic of farmer suicide has been hotly debated in academic and political circles. With many people depending on agriculture for their livelihood, it becomes all the more vital to find remedies for this issue. This article starts by giving an overview of the current situation of farmer suicides in the country. The article then looks at the various causes of farmer suicides by conducting a literature review and studying secondary sources of data. It then explores certain incidents in specific states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka as it helps understand how widespread a certain cause is and how many states face the same problem. It was found that high indebtedness was a common cause among farmers, but the underlying causes of high debt varied among states. In some states, failure of monsoon and poor yield made it burdensome for many to repay the loan. In some cases, taking loans from private moneylenders at exorbitantly high-interest rates made it difficult to repay the borrowed amount. This was mainly due to lack of sufficient lending agencies and increased competition among banks. Lack of technical know-how of modern technology too added to the problem of lower yield. With the majority of farmers owning small farm sizes, they often lack the incentive to adopt modern equipment because the costs outweigh the benefits and thereby continue using obsolete technology. The solution to this issue is to have dedicated decentralized teams preferably in every district that have full knowledge of the nature of problems faced by the farmers there and bring out bespoke policies that meet the needs of each farmer. Generalized policies are not going to work simply because of the varied nature of issues plaguing farmers at different times of the year.
Farmers Suicide, Indebtedness, Crop loans, Poor Rainfall, Low Yield, Monsoon Failure
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