The rapid expansion of digital technologies, including cloud computing, large-scale data centers, and Internet-connected devices, has significantly increased global energy consumption and carbon emissions. The Information Technology (IT) sector is emerging as a major contributor to environmental challenges, making sustainable computing a necessity rather than an option. This paper presents a comprehensive study of Green IT strategies aimed at reducing ecological impact while maintaining system performance. It explores energy-efficient hardware, virtualization, cloud optimization, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven resource management. Additionally, a multi- layered framework for sustainable computing is proposed to guide organizations toward carbon- neutral IT infrastructures. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that integrating virtualization and AI-based optimization can reduce energy consumption by up to 40% and carbon emissions by up to 60%. The findings highlight that sustainable computing not only supports environmental goals but also improves operational efficiency and long-term cost-effectiveness.
Green IT, sustainable computing, energy efficiency, carbon footprint, cloud computing, eco- friendly systems.
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