This Paper gives information about Grid base multipath wireless sensor network. We give a brief introduction about wireless sensor network, how sensor works in this network. How the Routing is done and if there is congestion detected in sensors networks and then how it can be solved. Routing protocols are also classified in several types like Proactive, Reactive, and Hybrid in also given here the details of that. Also here we describe various routing techniques like Traditional and Current techniques. In flooding based techniques, sensor broadcast the information and the destination sensor receives that information. In gossiping techniques, sensor sends information to neighbor sensor and so on. In this paper we also see that if any sensor id dies due to lack of power or any other problems then another path will be routed. Routing protocols are having 3 types Flat routing, Hierarchical routing and Location based routing. In Flat routing SPIN,DD, Rumor routing, etc protocols are used. In hierarchical routing LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN protocols are used. Now a day LEACH and PEGASIS are widely used in cluster base Wireless Sensor Network. In leach protocol reduced the path using cluster head formulation in this method randomly any sensor make the cluster head n send messages in the network. In pegasis protocol use chaining concept and find the best path from base station to the destination station. PEGASIS and LEACH provide best routing techniques in wireless sensor network but they also have some disadvantages. We also differentiate flat and hierarchical routing techniques in which case which one gives best performances. Here we introduce the readers to Location based routing protocols GEAR and how it route the path is also briefly described here.
Wireless Sensor Network protocols, GMCAR, Flooding, Gossiping, SPIN,LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN
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