This study reports the development and validation of UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative analysis of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DOR) and timolol maleate (TIM) in ophthalmic formulations. Three analytical techniques, dual-wavelength, bivariate, and area under the curve (AUC) methods, were employed to resolve spectral overlap without requiring separation. The dual-wavelength method utilized 228.8 and 280 nm, while the bivariate method used 220 and 250 nm, and AUC focused on the 253 - 258 nm and 272 -277 nm ranges. TIM was also quantified directly at 297 nm. Calibration curves demonstrated excellent linearity (r² > 0.998), with satisfactory accuracy and precision in accordance with ICH guidelines. These validated methods are robust, cost-effective, and suitable for routine quality control of ophthalmic drugs, particularly in resource-constrained environments.
Dorzolamide; Timolol; UV-Visible Spectrophotometry; Ophthalmic Formulations; Analytical Method Validation
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