Chemicals are used to create medicines. Chemical analysis and the synthesis of novel chemicals are used to create new medications. This topic is so wide that it has spawned a new branch of chemistry known as ‘Medicinal Chemistry’ of ‘Chemicals in Medicines’. Medicinal chemistry is a branch of chemistry concerned with the design, analysis, development, and synthesis of drugs as medicine. Medicines are chemical compounds that help living creatures in the treatment of diseases or the relief of suffering. This discipline necessitates knowledge in synthetic organic chemistry, pharmacology, and biological sciences. Medicines include numerous compounds. Medicines have an important role in the treatment and prevention of disease in both humans and animals. But it is because of the very nature of medicines that they may also have unintended effects on animals and microorganisms in the environment. Although the side effects on human and animal health are usually investigated in thorough safety and toxicology studies, the potential environmental impacts of the manufacture and use of medicines are less well understood and have only recently become a topic of research interest. More than 10 million women in the USA alone use oral contraceptives, which eventually find their way into the environment. A wide range of human medicines, including antibiotics, statins or cytotoxins used in cancer treatment, are produced and used, some in the range of thousands of tons per year. It is hard to obtain information on the amount of human medicines used, but recent data from Canada indicates that high-use drugs include acetominophen, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen and carbamazepine.
medicines, chemical, toxicology, cytotoxins, side effects, drugs, environment
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