Pollution of the Ganges, the largest river in India, poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment.[1] The river, which is severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants, provides water to about 40% of India's population across 11 states,[2] serving an estimated population of 500 million people, which is more than any other river in the world.[3][4]Today, the Ganges is considered to be the fifth-most polluted river in the world.[5][6] Raghubir Singh, an Indian photographer, has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as being polluted until the late 1970s.[7] However, pollution had been an old and continuous process in the river by the time people were finally acknowledging it. Stretches of over 600 km (370 mi) were essentially ecologically dead zones.[8]A number of initiatives were undertaken to clean the river, but failed to deliver significant results.[9] After getting elected, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work on cleaning the river and controlling pollution.[10] Subsequently, the Namami Ganga project was announced by the government in the June 2014 budget.[11] An estimated Rs 3,000 crores (US$460 million) had been spent by July 2016 in various efforts to clean up the river.[12]The main causes of water pollution in the Ganges river are the disposal of human sewage and animal waste, increasing population density, and disposal of industrial waste into the river. The river flows through 100 cities with populations over 100,000; 97 cities with population between 50,000 to 100,000, and about 48 towns.[13] A large proportion of the sewage water with higher organic load in the Ganges is from this population through domestic water usage.
ganga, plan, Modi, water pollution, health, namami ganga, population, waste, sewage
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