Cholera is an acute, profuse watery diarrhea (“rice-water stools”) resulting from the consumption of food or water contaminated by toxigenic strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Due to frequent outbreaks of cholera in Cameroon, the government of Cameroon introduced the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) in 2015. The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of the full dose of OCV uptake in Tiko and Limbe Health Districts (HDs). A cross-sectional household-based survey study was conducted in which a multistage sampling technique and simple random sampling (SRS) were used to select Health Areas (Has), quarters and households respectively. In every household selected, data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics and information about OCV, from a randomly selected household member of age 21 years and above. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and information about OCV were collected using a modified standardized questionnaire. Oral cholera vaccine uptake was compared among different socio-demographic characteristics using Chi-squared test with significance level set at P <0.05. Overall, coverage rate of OCV was low, 48.6% (180/370), and it was based on those who were aware of OCV 85.1% (435/370) and had their vaccination cards. The main source of information was health worker (62.2%). Some of the determinants of non-acceptance of the first and second doses of OCV were: respondents thought OCV was Covid-19 vaccine; absent when the vaccination team visited the house; no faith in the vaccine; vaccination team did not visit households; and no faith in Cameroon’s health system and government. The main determinants for OCV acceptance were the fact that participants considered cholera to be a serious disease, and their willingness to prevent it. The adverse events for the first and second doses were palpable, 18% and 11% respectively. Conclusively, determinants that contributed to the low uptake of OCV were identified and the most peculiar one was the fact that community members perceived the cholera vaccine to be a cover-up for the coronavirus vaccine.
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