Calvin was first who studied about petro crops. Some plants or algae produce hydrocarbons, ethanol etc which can act as actual and potential sources of energy, these plants are known as petrocrops. Some of the examples of petrocrops are Calotropis procera, Jatropha curcas etc. Petro plants accumulate the photosynthetic pigment and have lactiferous canals which secrete milky latex in their stem which forms petroleum in the flowering plants. These plants are good for the environment as the ethanol produces very less carbon monoxide. Petrocrops are quick energy conserving plants that are grown for production of Petrochemicals. These plants yield petroleum containing compounds as a substitute of petrol. Calvin did his study on Euphorbiaceae plants. Calvin also gave a Calvin cycle regarding the study of chemical reactions carried out in photosynthetic plants. The world demand of petroleum products has been growing at a rate higher than the discovery of new resources in the last decade. If the demand rates sustain and if they are possibly met with by increased production, it is estimated that the worlds' presently recoverable oil sources would be exhausted before 2020. Thus, the search for alternative sources of hydrocarbons or similar chemicals has been started the world over in right earnest. Several directions are being explored. An important one amongst these is the possibility of deriving hydrocarbon type substances from renewable plant materials. The best solar energy converting machine available today is the green plant. Most plants store their energy as carbohydrates in the form of sugar or polymerised sugar (cellulose), but some plants store their energy as fully reduced carbon in the form of hydrocarbons. The most common example is the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis which produce hydrocarbons with a high molecular weight range (500,000 to 2,000,000). There are number of green plants which systhesize reduced constituents, having lower molecular weight than Hevea. If a source plant can be found, developed and cultivated which gives a liquid sap containing hydrocarbon type molecules or molecules predominantly of a type and size range which can be converted to liquid hydrocarbon type fuels. It offers a good route for deriving liquid fuels in quantities sufficient to replace petroleum derived fuels.
petrocrops, biochemical, potentiality, future energy, petrochemicals, plants, fuels, resources
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