Begomoviruses, which are members of the Geminiviridae family, are among the most economically significant groups of plant viruses, causing substantial losses in a variety of crops across the globe. These viruses are mainly spread by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in a persistent, circulative manner. They have circular single-stranded DNA genomes that are encapsidated in distinctive geminate particles. Begomoviruses are divided into monopartite and bipartite forms based on the organization of their genomes; each type has a different genomic makeup and functional characteristics. Numerous proteins crucial for viral replication, gene expression, intracellular migration, and inhibition of host defense mechanisms are encoded by the begomovirus genome. Many begomoviruses are associated with subviral molecules, such as alphasatellites, betasatellites, and deltasatellites, in addition to their genomic components. These satellites have been shown to affect the onset of symptoms and increase pathogenicity. These satellites are found to affect how symptoms manifest, exacerbate disease, and alter the way the virus and the host plant interact. The way the proteins, the host plants, the vectors and the satellites all work together is very complicated and helps the begomoviruses infect plants, adapt and spread. Begomoviruses infect diverse plant species, evolve rapidly, and are efficiently spread by vectors, thereby posing a serious challenge to sustainable agriculture. This review examines begomoviruses in detail, including how their genes are organized, what their proteins do, how they are transmitted by vectors, the role of satellites, and how they interact with plants and affect plant health. Understanding these aspects is essential for developing effective strategies to control begomoviruses and cultivate resistant plant varieties.
Begomovirus, Geminiviridae, Whitefly, Satellites, Plant-virus interactions.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - IJTSRD having
online ISSN 2456-6470. IJTSRD is a leading Open Access, Peer-Reviewed International
Journal which provides rapid publication of your research articles and aims to promote
the theory and practice along with knowledge sharing between researchers, developers,
engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world in many areas
like Sciences, Technology, Innovation, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and
many more and it is recommended by all Universities, review articles and short communications
in all subjects. IJTSRD running an International Journal who are proving quality
publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals from diverse fields
that emphasizes new research, development and their applications. IJTSRD provides
an online access to exchange your research work, technical notes & surveying results
among professionals throughout the world in e-journals. IJTSRD is a fastest growing
and dynamic professional organization. The aim of this organization is to provide
access not only to world class research resources, but through its professionals
aim to bring in a significant transformation in the real of open access journals
and online publishing.