Freshwater ponds Pokhar or Tal and floodplain wetlands Chaars and Mauns in the Gangetic plains of Bihar particularly across the central and eastern districts of Bhagalpur, Lakhisarai, Munger, and Khagaria serve as essential socio ecological lifelines. They regulate microclimates, recharge groundwater, support aquaculture, and act as critical biological hotspots for resident and migratory avifauna. However, rapid urbanization, agricultural runoff, heavy siltation, and untreated municipal sewage disposal have severely degraded these lentic ecosystems. This review synthesizes regional empirical research to present a comprehensive assessment of the hydrobiological profile, seasonal water quality dynamics, biodiversity status, and environmental stressors impacting the lentic systems in Bihar, with special emphasis on Bhagalpur and Lakhisarai districts. Water quality analysis across studied urban and peri urban ponds e.g., Shahjangi, Bhairwa, Jichho, and Purandaha consistently indicates shifting trophic states from mesotrophic to hyper eutrophic, driven by elevated Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD , high Total Dissolved Solids TDS , and nutrient loading and Planktonic assemblages reveal a pronounced dominance of pollution tolerant taxa, notably rotifers Brachionus spp. and cyanobacteria. To arrest habitat fragmentation and loss of aquatic biodiversity, an integrated conservation strategy incorporating nature based eco restoration, community led management, and enforcement of the Wetlands Conservation and Management Rules is urgently required. Limnology, Urban Ponds, Eutrophication, Bihar Wetlands, Phytoplankton, Water Quality Index, Conservation. 681-684 Issue-4 Volume-10 Dr. Priyama Kumari