Digital financial management systems have emerged as critical tools for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and accountability in public sector financial operations. This study investigates the effects of Integrated Financial Management System IFMS implementation on financial accountability within Uganda’s Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development MoFPED , with a specific focus on transparency and reporting accuracy. Guided by Principal Agent Theory and Systems Theory, the study conceptualizes IFMS as an integrative platform that automates budgeting, accounting, procurement, and financial reporting, reducing information asymmetry and promoting coordinated organizational processes. Employing a quantitative, descriptive correlational design, data were collected from 217 MoFPED employees across accounting, budget, audit, and ICT departments, with 212 valid responses 97.7 response rate . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression at a 0.05 significance level. Findings reveal that IFMS implementation significantly improves financial accountability ß = 0.460, p 0.001 , explaining 18.3 of the variance, with higher adoption linked to enhanced transparency and accurate reporting. Key challenges identified include technical issues, resistance to change, infrastructural limitations, and project management constraints. The study demonstrates that effective IFMS implementation requires not only technological adoption but also user competence, leadership support, structured change management, and adequate infrastructure. These insights provide practical guidance for policymakers, financial managers, and public sector institutions seeking to strengthen financial governance, accountability, and fiscal transparency in developing economies. Integrated Financial Management System IFMS , Financial Accountability, Transparency, Reporting Accuracy, Public Sector Governance, MoFPED, Uganda. 1317-1324 Issue-2 Volume-10 Mwasa Balaam Sikina | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize