The ecological functions of urban areas are degraded; the infrastructures of cities and the built-up regions have enormous impacts on ecosystems and ecology of the urban environment. In this paper, we focused on the connections of urban ecology and urban design, urbanisation impacts on urban ecosystems functions and ecological urbanism approach to degraded urban areas. The studies revealed the relationship of urban ecology and urban design and the ecosystem services they provide in the urban environment. In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an new method for fourth generation wireless communication. MIMO-OFDM has become a promising candidate for high performance 4G broadband wireless communications. However, one main disadvantage of MIMO-OFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter’s output signal on different antennas. In this paper, we present a new noble SLM PAPR reduction techniques such as selective mapping technique and Partial transmit sequence techniques and shows which of these PAPR reduction techniques are more effective to reduce PAPR in OFDM-MIMO.
OFDM, SLM, PAPR, MIMO, ISI, BER, PAPR
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