Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deliver smart communication paradigm which can set up intelligent networks handling all the applications as per the user requirements. The WSNs offer several advantages like flexibility, fault tolerance, low cost and easy deployment. Typically, a WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. These sensors generate report over the network on the occurrence of any event. For a WSN to provide better reliability and improved lifetime, an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol design holds a paramount importance. Several multichannel MAC protocols exist which performs better than the single channel protocols. The MAC layer coordinates transmission between the users sharing a spectrum and improves the throughput and energy efficiency. Cognitive Radio (CR) is an adaptive, intelligent radio and network technology that can automatically detect available channels in a wireless spectrum and make those channels available for concurrent transmissions. Dynamic spectrum access in the form of cognitive radio provides spectrum efficient communication for all WSNs which led to the development of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). This paper highlights an intensive survey of MAC protocols defined for WSNs and the design of Cognitive Radio based WSNs.
cognitive radio wireless sensor network; wireless communication; wireless sensor network; energy efficiency; medium access control protocol; cognitive MAC
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